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Numbering

Numbering. No agreed upon system of numbering Reformed churches: #2 = no graven images Lutheran and Roman Catholic: #2 = lifting up name of Yahweh for false purposes Jewish: #1 = I am Y…, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt #9-10 = two commandments or one?.

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Numbering

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  1. Numbering • No agreed upon system of numbering • Reformed churches: #2 = no graven images • Lutheran and Roman Catholic: #2 = lifting up name of Yahweh for false purposes • Jewish: #1 = I am Y…, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt • #9-10 = two commandments or one?

  2. History of Interpretation • Jesus: internalized commandments. anger = murder; lust = adultery; total ban on oaths. • Luther: commandments interpreted positively. We should fear and love God….

  3. Characteristics of Decalogue • Mostly negative (#3-4 are exceptions); the Decalogue as “playpen.” • Deut 6:4 Love of God • Lev 19:18 Love of Neighbor • First commandment is irregular in form • #3-5 refer to Yahweh in the third person

  4. First commandment • Presupposes existence of other gods • in preference to? in defiance of? “before” me • Problem of monotheism: no explanation for evil • Advantage of monotheism: nothing outside of God’s concern

  5. No image of Yahweh! • God is free, sovereign; revealed in word, history, etc. • Our greatest temptation is to fail to be God’s image. • Another temptation: our attempt to control God through God’s image.

  6. Do not lift up name of Yahweh for false purposes • Do not control others via name of Yahweh • trivialization of cursing in our society • Do not lift up the name of Yahweh at all!

  7. Fourth Commandment • Who is addressed? • Why positive? • The commandment with a promise: that you may live long on the land • Prov 20:20 If one curses his father or his mother, his lamp will be put out in utter darkness

  8. Third commandment • Deuteronomy: sabbath as liberation • Exodus: sabbath reminds of creation • Rest for those particularly burdened in society (Exod 23:1-2) • Protest against “busyness”--also in times of plowing and harvesting (Am 8:5) • There still remains a rest; Exod 31

  9. Fifth Commandment • No murder • capital punishment, war, abortion, euthanasia?

  10. Sixth Commandment • Prohibits sexual relations of a man with the wife of another man. Issue: Paternity • Changes in our society: late marriage; dating system; reliable birth control; different kind of inheritance • Loving, faithful, enduring relationship • Homosexuality

  11. Seventh, Ninth, Tenth Commandments • Stealing (7) and coveting (9-10; desires, not actions) • Kidnapping (7) and stealing (9-10; desires and resulting actions) • 7 stealing of movable goods; 9 (D) permanent possession of wife (6 = onetime infraction); 10 (D) permanent possession of real estate • (7) stealing (when owner present); (9-10 D) taking wife or property (when owner absent in war, etc.)

  12. Eighth commandment • perjury in court • gossip; defend, speak well of, put the best construction on everything

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