The U.S. Expands & The Antebellum Era

1. The U.S. Expands & The Antebellum Era 1800-1850

2. A Shaky Union Leads to1st Political Parties

3. Tensions Arise… A. Read timeline. Highlight and answer the 2 questions at the bottom of the page. • What was the Louisiana Purchase? • How do you think Americans felt about it?

4. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Purchased by Pres. Thomas Jefferson for $15 million from Napoleon of France • Doubles country size

5. Central Question • Why did the federalists oppose the Louisiana purchase? • For reflection write a three sentence response to the prompt: • Did federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase for practical or political reasons?

6. Lewis and Clark, 1804-1806 • 1st transcontinental expedition • For science, commerce, navigation. Spurs westward movement by creating trails/paths.

7. The War of 1812 • The “Second War for Independence” • Fought 1812-1815 • U.S. declared war on Britain

8. War of 1812 • Fought over trade restrictions & British support towards Indians against U.S. expansion • British capture and torch Washington DC and the capitol • Andrew Jackson - a national hero after the Battle of New Orleans • Ushers in an “Era of Good Feelings”

9. Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • Pres. James Monroe warns European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, closing colonization of the Americas

10. Nullification Crisis, 1828-1833 • Tariff of 1828, taxing imported goods enrages South Carolina • SC proposes a states rights doctrine of nullification – declaring the law unconstitutional and “null” • Jackson responds with the threat of federal force and wisely negotiates a new tariff with SC

11. Nullification – political cartoon

12. Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Pres. Jackson – removal of 5 Indian nations from Georgia and the South • Supreme Court rules in favor of Indians in 1832, Jackson ignores and marches over 4,000 to Oklahoma • ¼ natives die on the forced march west, “The Trail of Tears” Video 2: 36:05-41:05

14. The Abolition Movement • By the 1830’s the abolition* movement grows strong in the U.S. *to abolish (end) slavery in the U.S. • Northern states had outlawed slavery • The publishing of slave narratives horrify northern whites • Women play a KEY ROLE in this movement

15. William Lloyd Garrison • Doctrine of Universal Emancipation • complete and immediate freedom for slaves • First abolitionist newspaper: “The Liberator”

16. “I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; – but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.” - William Lloyd Garrison, 1st issue of The Liberator

17. Frederick Douglass "The opinion was ... Whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion I know nothing.... My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant.... It [was] common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age."I do not recollect ever seeing my mother by the light of day. ... She would lie down with me, and get me to sleep, but long before I waked she was gone."[13] • Learns to read, teaches others, escapes from slavery • Becomes key speaker and writer for abolition

18. Women’s Suffrage • Women’s suffrage = the right of women to vote and hold public office • Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 in NY – first important convention on the issue of women’s rights • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Women work on health, education, and begin the temperance movement (to end alcohol)

20. Religious Revivals • The Second Great Awakening (1790-1830) – a widespread movement to awaken religious belief • Revival meetings- emotional sermons to restore faith • In 1800, 1 in 15 belonged to a church, by 1850, 1 in 6 belonged • Northern churches become political, cultural and social centers for African-Americans

22. Westward On… • Pres. Polk wanted Oregon and California video 2: 15-19

23. Justifying Westward Migration • Manifest destiny – God wants us to move west • Settlers believed Native Americans gave up their rights to settle the Great Plains because they hadn’t settled down to “improve” it.

24. The Great Plains

25. Texas Revolution, 1835-1836 • American settlers outnumber in Mexico’s Texas and rebel for independence • The Lone Star State • Wanted to be annexed by U.S. *The U.S. does not admit Texas until 1848, (over 10 years later) fearing Mexico will be offended Video 2: 27:39 – 30:00

27. Oregon, 1846 • Claimed by Britain & U.S. • Compromise @ the 49th Parallel.

28. Mexican-American War, 1847-1848 • Mexico angry about Texas • Negotiations for purchase fail, U.S. declares war

29. Mexico Americans: “Bullies from the North” morally superior, slavery abolished United States Mexico “get out of our way” Manifest Destiny Needed CA Point of Views

31. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 • Ends war • Confirms Texas to the US. • Granted California and southwest region • $15 million to Mexico for land

33. The Lure of Gold Brings More • Gold Rush in California in 1849 Video 2:30 -35 min

35. Growth by 1853

36. The Government Restricts Native Americans • 1834 – gov’t. passed an Act that designated the Great Plains as one huge reservation (land set aside for NA) • Due to response from settlers in 1850s, the government changed its policies to open up more land to settlers.

37. Sioux War Party

38. “I Will Fight No More Forever” Surrender Speech by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce • “Tell General Howard I know his Heart. What He told me before I have in my heart. I am tired of fighting, Looking Glass is dead. Too-Hul-hul-soteis dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever." 

40. Trends of the early 1800’s • Territorial expansion & conflict • Federal government becomes stronger and the power of America grows. • 1st Reform Era – abolition, suffrage, and temperance • reforms in health and education • politics become more democratic • popular vote for president, most land requirements for voting gone • Religious revivals restore Christian faith • Settlers move west – for land, gold, religious freedom • Manifest destiny