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Quick facts to Pass the SOL

Quick facts to Pass the SOL. 1. The same substance always has the same density regardless of size. 2. As pressure increases, density increases. 3. As temperature increases, density decreases 6. Water is most dense at 4 o C, when it is a liquid. 4. Water expands when it freezes.

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Quick facts to Pass the SOL

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  1. Quick facts to Pass the SOL

  2. 1. The same substance always has the same density regardless of size.

  3. 2. As pressure increases, density increases

  4. 3. As temperature increases, density decreases 6. Water is most dense at 4o C, when it is a liquid

  5. 4. Water expands when it freezes

  6. 5. Most changes are cyclic

  7. 7. The true shape of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, but from space it looks like a perfect sphere. 8. The best model of the earth is a sphere

  8. 9. The altitude of Polaris is equal to your latitude on Earth!

  9. 10. To determine the earth’s circumference, the altitude of the sun is needed at 2 locations.

  10. 11. Latitude lines run east-west, but measure distances N – S.

  11. 12. Longitude lines run N – S, but measure distances E – W.

  12. 13. Longitude is based on observations of the sun.

  13. 14. Use the REFERENCE TABLES!!!

  14. 15. The closer the isolines (isobars, isotherms, contours), the steeper the gradient!

  15. 16. The earth rotates from West to East (24 hours) or counterclockwise

  16. 17. The earth revolves counterclockwise around the sun (365 ¼ days)

  17. 18. All celestial objects appear to rise in the east and set in the west.

  18. 19. The moon has phases because of the angle at which we view it (Half is ALWAYS lit!).

  19. 20. Planets appear to go backwards (retrograde motion) as the earth passes them in space.

  20. 21. Summer Solstice is June 21st 22. Winter Solstice is December 21st 23. Equinoxes: March 21st and September 21st

  21. 24. The equator always receives 12 hours of daylight.

  22. 25. The lower the altitude of the sun, the longer the shadow it casts.

  23. 26. Foucault’s pendulum and the coriolis effect prove the earth rotates.

  24. 27. Earth is closer to the sun in the winter. Winter

  25. 28. The closer the planet is to the sun, the faster it moves!

  26. Black absorbs/white reflects.41. Good absorbers are good radiators.

  27. 32. The half-life of a radioactive element cannot be changed! • Ocean crust is thin and made of basalt. • Continental crust is thick and made of granite!

  28. 35. Energy moves from source to sink (high concentration to low concentration).

  29. 36. Mountains form by uplift.

  30. Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly in warm, moist climates and involves a change in chemical composition of the rock. • Physical weathering occurs most rapidly in cold, moist climates due to frost action.

  31. Air moves clockwise and outward around a high pressure system. • Air moves counterclockwise and toward the center of a low pressure system.

  32. As temperature increases, air pressure decreases. (Indirect) • As moisture increases, pressure decreases (Indirect). • Air pressure decreases with altitude.

  33. 47. High pressure is cool and dry; low is warm and wet!

  34. Winds are due to air pressure differences.49. Wind blows from areas of high pressure to low pressure

  35. 50. Wind is named from the direction it is coming!

  36. 52. The closer the air temperature and dew point temperature the greater the chance of precipitation (increased humidity).

  37. 53. Weather moves from West to East in the United States.

  38. 54. Cold Front57. Cold fronts move the fastest! Cold fronts force warm air up and are associated with short narrow bands of heavy precipitation and thunder/lightning in advance of the front!

  39. 55. Warm Front Warm fronts ride up the back of cold air and produce longer periods of steady rain and occur both in front of and behind the advancing front.

  40. 56. Occluded Front

  41. 58. Porosity does NOT depend on particle size.59. As particle size increases, permeability increases!

  42. 60. Capillarity increases when particle size decreases.

  43. 61. Potential evapotranspiration depends on temperature.

  44. 62. Dynamic equilibrium means balance.

  45. 63. Apparent diameter of objects (sun, moon) gets larger when the object is closer to Earth (perihelion/perigee)

  46. 64. Vertical rays (overhead sun) can occur between 23 ½ o N and 23 1/2o S.

  47. 65. Index fossils are good time markers (widely spread, lived a short time).

  48. 66. Air cools as it rises.

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