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GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS. Gel electrophoresis is a process used by scientists to separate mixtures of molecules by size, creating a DNA “fingerprint” It is most often used to separate molecules of proteins and molecules of DNA. Everyone has their own unique DNA (unless you have an identical twin)

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GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

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  1. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

  2. Gel electrophoresis is a process used by scientists to separate mixtures of molecules by size, creating a DNA “fingerprint” • It is most often used to separate molecules of proteins and molecules of DNA

  3. Everyone has their own unique DNA (unless you have an identical twin) This is what makes it very useful as evidence for solving crimes. DNA GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

  4. DNA gel electrophoresis produces a banding pattern that looks like a bar code, which is unique to each person. This is the DNA fingerprint or profile.

  5. Prove guilt by matching DNA found at a crime scene to a suspect Exonerate an innocent person Paternity testing Identification of John or Jane Does . Uses of DNA Profiles

  6. Determine current and evolutionary relationships among living things Determine and identify the genes responsible for certain inherited disorders Uses of DNA fingerprinting

  7. The Process of Electrophoresis • Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA in specific places (biological scissors)

  8. XBAM111 IS AN RESTRICTION ENZYME THAT CUTS BETWEEN GGCC • ATGGCCTAAAAGGCCATGGCCAGGCCAC • ATGG/CCTAAAAGG/CCATGG/CCAGG/CCAC

  9. This produces DNA fragments of different lengths • ATGG/CCTAAAAGG/CCATGG/CCAGG/CCAC • ATGG • CCTAAAGG • CCATGG • CCAGG • CCAC • These pieces of DNA will be different in each person due to their unique genetic code

  10. Process of Electrophoresis • The DNA samples are loaded into wells in a gel that is located in a gel box

  11. The gel box has 2 electrodes, one positive and one negative and is attached to a power source

  12. The electric current is turned on

  13. Since DNA has a negative charge it will move toward the positive electrode

  14. The size of a DNA fragment depends on how many base pairs it contains • ATGG • CCTAAAGG • CCATGG • CCAGGCC

  15. The smaller base pairs move faster and farther through the gel

  16. The distinct pattern or “fingerprint” that is made becomes visible to the human eye by staining and/ or using ultraviolet light

  17. The DNA patterns are now compared for similarities and differences

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