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Classical China

Classical China. Qin and Han Dynasties. The Qin Dynasty 221-206 . Emerged from the Warring States Period (475 BCE to 221BCE) Shihuangdi reunited China  He laid the foundation for a unified Chinese state that has endured to the present. He started the Great Wall of China

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Classical China

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  1. Classical China Qin and Han Dynasties

  2. The Qin Dynasty 221-206 • Emerged from the Warring States Period (475 BCE to 221BCE) • Shihuangdi reunited China  • He laid the foundation for a unified Chinese state that has endured to the present. • He started the Great Wall of China • Uniform tax, weights, and measurement systems • Standardized the written form of the Chinese language

  3. Political Organization • Legalism – A reaction to the disorder of the Warring States Period • Developed by Han Fei • Strict set of laws that spelled out punishments and rewards • Humans are naturally bad and only obey authority through force • Future dynasties were influenced by this focus on the importance of laws

  4. The Tomb of Shihuangdi

  5. Questions to Answer • On the back page of your last notes • What kind of logistical efforts were required to produce such a ceramic army? • Based on these visual sources, and what Codega has told you about the tomb complex, how would you characterize Shihuangdi as a leader?

  6. Confucius

  7. China before Confucius • Xia and Shang Dynasties • 2070 B.C. - 1046 B.C. • Zhou Dynasty • 1046 B.C. - 256 B.C.

  8. Confucius • Born in 551 B.C. • died in 479 B.C.

  9. Confucianism • Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order • What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order? • a system of social and ethical philosophy • “only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

  10. Confucianism • li • rituals, norms, institutions, or mores • the outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism • ren • humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue • the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

  11. Li • Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner • performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role • universal harmony • no need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

  12. Ren • Relationship between "two persons” • extension of filial piety (respect for parents and ancestors) to all human beings • each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties • reciprocity or mutual responsibility

  13. Five relationships • father-child • ruler-subject • husband-wife • elder brother-younger brother • friend-friend

  14. Confucianism • Persecuted in Qin Dynasty • 221 B.C. - 206 B.C. • promoted by later rulers

  15. Confucianism • reinforced by the civil examination system • “keju”: civil examination • from 605 to 1905

  16. The Roman & Han Empires

  17. The Han

  18. Roman Empire

  19. Questions For Rome and the Han • What type of Imperial Institutions did they use to organize/control their subjects? • How did these empires project military power over large areas? • What was the social structure of the empire? • How did social tensions and/or environmental damage (internal pressure) lead to the decline of the empire? • What external pressures led to the decline of the empire?

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