ENZYMES 2-4

1. ENZYMES2-4 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif

2. Chemical reactions need help to get started. Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started. http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

3. Energy required STARTED ACTIVATION ENERGY ______________ to get a chemical reaction _______________ = ________________________ ACTIVATIONENERGY REACTANTS PRODUCTS Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

4. Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved CATALYSTS ___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________ HAPPEN FASTER Catalysts work by ____________ the ___________________________to get a chemical reaction started. DECREASING ACTIVATION ENERGY required

5. IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL Once it gets to top . . . it can roll back all by itself http://www.gifs.net

6. Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm CATALYSTS in Living Things In living systems __________ that ________________to control chemical reactions are called = _________ PROTEINS act as catalysts ENZYMES SEE ANIMATIONof AMYLASE More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12

7. Video 4 Video 4 Enzymatic Reactions 2D • Click the image to play the video segment.

8. PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES ACTIVESITE ENZYME SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX ENZYMEUnchanged & Reusable PRODUCTS Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next

9. Click HERE to learn more about enzymes ENZYMES _____ like a _______________ to only _________of _________. Enzymes are ___________ by thereaction and ___________ FIT LOCK AND KEY SUBSTRATE ONE KIND UNCHANGED REUSABLE http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg

10. pH temperature FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY __________ & ______________ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to ________ or _________ UNWIND DENATURE See a movie Choose narrated http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

11. changes shape ACTIVE SITE Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________ SUBSTRATE CAN’T BIND _______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for maintaining ____________________ HOMEOSTASIS IMPORTANT ENZYME FUNCTION Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

12. -ASE Many enzyme NAMES end in _____ and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA Protease= breaks down proteins ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP

13. MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION? http://www.gb-sports.co.uk/zoggsfinz.jpg http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/misc/construction/hammer-animation.gif

14. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. EXAMPLE: role of enzymes

15. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

16. Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors