Unit 2 Clone Reading

1. Unit 2 CloneReading

2. Pre-reading What is clone? How is clone produced? What benefits can human gain from cloning? What problems may arise when human beings are cloned?

3. 1. What is clone? Clone is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. 2. How is clone produced? This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, and when small parts of a plant are taken and grown in a laboratory. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.

4. 3. What benefits can human gain from cloning? 4. What problems may arise when human beings are cloned? It can help cure diseases and can help couples who have no baby to bear a new baby. There may be more bad people like Hitler.

5. While-readingSkim and sum up the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1 cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. Para.2 cloning have two major uses. Para.3 The problems of Dolly Para.4 The effect of Dolly Para.5 It is forbidden to clone human being.

6. The main idea of the text is____A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.

7. 2. Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to text?____ • Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. • Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. • Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.

8. 3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because____. • its easier to clone a sheep than other animals • B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed

9. 4. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because_____. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep 5. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived ____ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

10. Post-reading Fill in the chart Medical cloning could produce cures for serious degenerative illnesses in humans. Animal clones may develop the illnesses of older animals. Animal clones may die Younger than the donor animals. Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species. There are moral objections to cloning human beings. Cloning can help save endangered animals.

11. Discussion • What do you think is the writer’s view in this reading passage? • What’s your opinion of cloning? Give reasons. I think the writer is impartial because he /she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.

12. B8 Unit 2 Cloning Language points

13. Warming up • 1. In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ. • differ vi.不一致, 不同, 相异, 不同意, 意见相左 • 常见的搭配有： • sb differ from/ with sb on/ about / over /upon sth • A and B differ in … • A differs from B

14. 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。 • Her method doesn’t differ much from mine. • 现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。 • Modern airplanes differ from early ones. • 对于如何解决问题, 我跟他的意见不一致。 • I differ with him on how to solve the problem. • 关于道德标准, 他们的见解不同。 • They differ with each other on moral standards.

15. 即时练习： • 用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。 • (1) We differ _________ him _________ _____ that question. • (2) The two nations differ ______ culture • and religion. • (3) The climate here differ ___________ • that of the South. • difference n.差异, 差别, 分歧, 争论, 差额 • different adj.不同的 from/with on/about/ upon / over in from/ with

16. Reading • 1. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. • exact adj.精确的, 准确的, 原样的, 精密的 • What were his exact words? • I don’t know the exact size of the room. • exactly adv.正确地, 严密地,恰恰 • That’s exactly what I expected. • You’ve arrived at exactly the right moment. • exactly speaking

17. 2. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are … 3) identical adj. ①完全相同的 (常与with / to连用) ②同一的, 同样的 • These two designs are almost identical. • My opinion is identical with his. • This picture is identical to the one my mother has . • All eggs look similar, but no two eggs are identical , Leonardo da vinci’s teacher once said to him .

18. 3. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. • commercial adj. ①商业的, 贸易的 • a commercial loan /law /activity商业贷款/法规/活动 • ②商务的 • He is doing a commercial course at the local college.他在本地学院学商业课程。 • ③以获利为目的的，从营利角度出发的 • The play was a commercial success.这出戏从营利角度看很成功。 • Her novels are well written and commercial as well.她的小说写得好，销路也好。

19. 4. Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more complicated. • straightforward adj.简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的; 正直的, 坦率的 • The question is quite straightforward; why can’t you answer it? • At least he was quite straightforward about it, you can’t say he was trying to deceive you.他起码在那件事上是相当坦率的，你不能说他试图欺骗你。

20. 5. The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. • procedure n.程序, 手续,步骤 • Stop arguing about procedure and let’s get down to business. • What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?

21. 6 undertake vt.实施，从事，着手做，承担, 担任, 许诺, 保证，采取 • undertake sth 承担某事 • undertake to do sth 许诺做某事/ 同意做某事 • undertake that …保证… • undertaking ( N ) 用单数/任务/事业/保证 • 我愿意承接这项变革的责任。 • I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. • 他许诺当我们的向导. • He undertook to be our guide .

22. 我不能保证我能按时做完它. • I can’t undertake you that I ‘ll finish it in time . • Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking . • 即时练习：完成下列句子。 • (1) He will ___________________ next month (去旅行). • (2) He ______________________ (承担了一项新任务). undertake a journey undertook a new task

23. 7. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. • 表示方位、时间、或方式的副词或介词短语，如then, now, here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，句子倒装。 • In the window appeared the handwritten sign, “For sale, Irish sheets of first class quality. The low price of $6.5”. • Out rushed the children.

24. 8 disturb vt. 扰乱, 使不安, 弄乱 • disturbed adj. 被乱的, 动乱的, 不安的 • disturbing adj. 令人不安的 / 烦扰 • 即时练习： • 用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。 • (1) I’m very __________ about Alice. • (2) Don’t _________ the papers on my desk. • (3) This country is in a ____________ state. • (4) What ____________ news it is! • (5) A light wind ___________ the surface of the water. disturbed disturb disturbing disturbing disturbed

25. 8. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. • 1) cast down：feeling unhappy and depressed使沮丧, 低沉， 使下降, 推翻 • be cast down = feel discouraged • He was much cast down by the failure of the experiment. • Don’t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.

26. 即时练习： • 将下列句子译成英语 • (1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 • ___________________________________ • (2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 • _____________________________________ • cast away丢弃, 抛弃, 使失事, 使漂流 • cast off 放弃；丢弃, 摆脱 • cast out赶走, 驱逐 He was cast down to hear the news. Finding out the truth made him cast down.

27. 2) be appropriate to: be suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion or place; fitting适合于…的，与…相称的 • 用与你的题目相称的体裁写。 • Write in a style appropriate to your subject. • 普通鞋不适于下稻田。 • Ordinary shoes are not appropriate to paddy fields.

28. 9. Altogether Dolly lived for six years, … • altogether adv. ①全部，总共 • Altogether the centre lost more than 1,000 trees in the hurricane. • How much will it be altogether? • ②总而言之 • Altogether, our achievements are great. • ③完全地(completely) • He’s not altogether sure what to do.

29. all together与altogether • ①作总“共解”时，它们可以互换使用。 • There were altogether/ all together 40 students in the class. • ②all together作 “一道,一起” 解时,不能用altogether替换。 • They came all together. • ③altogether意为“完全地，彻底地，总计，总而言之”，不可与all together互换，用于否定句时是部分否定。 • It’s altogether out of the question. • I don’t altogether agree with you.

30. 10. On the other hand , Dolly’s appearance raiseda storm ofobjections and had a greatimpact on the media and public imagination. • appearance [c]出现, 露面;[c/ u]外貌, 外观 • The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away. • His first appearance on stage was at the age of three. • Don’t judge by appearance --- appearance can be misleading.勿以貌取人----外貌不可靠。 • appear vi.出现, 看来, 似乎, 公开露面, 出版, 发表

31. 11 a storm of: sudden violent outbrust or display of strong feeling常指感情猛烈爆发或强烈表现 • a storm of tears泪如雨下 • a storm of protest /applause /cheers/ abuse /criticism /bullets /arrows一阵猛烈的抗议/暴风雨般的掌声/暴风雨般的欢呼声/辱骂/评击/弹雨/箭雨 • storm in a teacup小题大作，茶杯里的暴风雨 • take by storm袭取；突然攻夺；博取（观众的）欢心

32. 12objection n.反对，异议, 缺陷, 妨碍, 拒绝之理由 • I feel a strong objection to getting up early. • Have you any objection to my opening the window? • My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much. • objection常与have, take, feel等连用构成词组：have objecting to, take objection, feel objection to

33. object vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议 后常跟介词 to或against • vt.提出...来反对 可接that引导的从句。 • n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 • We object to being treated like this. • I object to the plan. • I object that he is too young to take that position. • Tell me the names of the objects in this room.

34. 12 have /make a strong/ great impact on…对…有/产生巨大影响 • 这本书对其读者产生了极大的影响。 • This book made a great impact on its readers. • 这场反对吸烟的运动对年轻人有极大的影响. • The anti-smoking campaign has had quite an impact on young people.

35. forbid • 13. Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.各国政府恐慌不安, 有许多政府命令禁止克隆人类的研究。 • forbid vt.禁止，不准，不许 • forbade /forbad, forbidden, forbidding • Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。 • The king forbids us from going out. sth. doing sth. sb. to do sth. sb. doing sth. sb. sth that…

36. Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.因篇幅所限，此处不便对本题作进一不步阐述。 • Her father forbid her wine. = Her father forbid her to drink wine. • The law forbids building on this land. • 即时练习： • 完成下列句子 • (1) The school _________________________ (禁止学生吸烟). • (2) He is forbidden to _______________ (进入这个房间). forbids the students to smoke enter the room

37. 14. Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulateevidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. • 1) accumulate vt. /vi. : to gather or pile收/堆集，积聚/累, 堆积 强调“经过一段比较长的时间由少积多的积累”，使用范围较广，似乎凡是数量方面的增长都可以表示。 • The company has accumulated great wealth within a few years. • However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the London Zoo felt obliged to investigate.

38. The purpose of education is not just accumulating information.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。 • Dust accumulated during my absence. • accumulation n. 积聚 • the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚 • 即时练习：完成下列句子 • (1) He quickly ___________ _____ _________ (积蓄了一大笔财富). • (2) Clouds began to __________ ___ ___ ___ (在天空中聚集). accumulated large fortune accumulate in the sky

39. 15 evidence [u] : a thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment 根据, 证据, 证物;明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象 • The broken window was evidence that a burglary had taken place. • Is there any evidence for /of his guilt?

40. Page 72 Is it in favour of cloning or against cloning?他赞成还是反对克隆? • in favour of 赞成；有利于 • The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the • guest team.比分是80比78，客队获胜。 • The exchange rate is in our favour today.今天的兑换率对我们有利。

41. 即时练习： 将下列句子译成英语 (1) 法院作了有利于老人的判决。 ______________________________ ________ (2) 他赞成这项计划吗？ _______________________ 归纳拓展： in favour of 赞成, 支持, 与against相对。 The court decided in favour of the old man. Is he in favour of the plan?