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MAIN DAM USES IN BRAZIL Hydroelectricity Water Supply Irrigation and aquaculture

MAIN DAM USES IN BRAZIL Hydroelectricity Water Supply Irrigation and aquaculture Flood and River Flow Control Mining disposal Industrial Waste Disposal Recreation

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MAIN DAM USES IN BRAZIL Hydroelectricity Water Supply Irrigation and aquaculture

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  1. MAIN DAM USES IN BRAZIL Hydroelectricity Water Supply Irrigation and aquaculture Flood and River Flow Control Mining disposal Industrial Waste Disposal Recreation Millions of people depend on dams to obtain water under appropriate conditions, in terms of quantity, quality, location and time. => Dams are elements of infrastructure very important for the sustainable development of Brazil

  2. North 3.869.637 km² MOSAIC - CBERS 2 SATELYTE Northeast 1.561.177 km² Center-west 1.612.077,2 km² Southeast 927.286 km² Área: 8.514.205 km² South 577.214 km²

  3. Water Mirros in Brazil = 23.036 (> 200,000m2≈ 500,000m3) Naturals = 16,108 (70%) Artificials = 6,928 (30%)

  4. Schematic distribution of dams by main use in Brazil

  5. Cataguazes Dam (MG) – mar/2004 Camará Dam (PB) – jun/2004 Apertadinho Dam (RO) – jan/2008 São Francisco Dam (MG) – Jan/2007 Arneiroz II Dam (CE) – Jan/2004

  6. Gurguri Dam - Redenção County (O Povo, april/1996)

  7. Why this happen? Dam Safety Management Deficiencies (planning, design, construction, 1st filling, operation and decommissioning or removal)

  8. => A PROPOSAL OF DAM SAFETY INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR BRAZIL • Guidance • the State of the Art in the treatment of the matter in the world; • the different phases of the dams life cycle (planning, design, construction, 1st filling, operation and decommissioning or removal); • consideration of technical, social, environmental and economic aspects; • consideration ofthe legal and institutional framework related to the subject existing in Brazil, including the actual Bill 1181/2003; • the need for clear definition of roles and responsibilities; • the search of mechanisms for decentralized and public participation; • to make maximum use of the concept of federal pact and the principles of subsidiarity; • special attention on preventive actions

  9. Brazil, as a federative country of 27 units (states and DF), has the Federal Constitution as its most important legal mark, in which the limits of powers between the federal entities are set forth Laws in Brazil. At the Federal and State levels on matters relating to dams, are very abundant. Nevertheless, aspects of their safety, operation, maintenance, risk management etc. are ambiguous or even inexistent, especially concerning the institutional responsibilities of those involved (e.g. owners, supervisory authorities, community etc.). Dam Safety is “vexataquæstio” = a question or point of law often discussed or agitated, but not determined nor settled. So the work deals with the main sectors that require the construction of dams, including: water resources, mining, hydroelectric generation, mineral and industrial nuclear waste and environment. Also deals with topics from other institutions and instruments related to dam safety management, such as: Civil Defense, Hydraulic Works, Civil Code; Transportation; Professional System, Municipal Law, Penal Code, Non Governmental Organizations - NGOs; comments on regulations of the States (e.g. São Paulo, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro; MatoGrosso, and Pará.

  10. The work consulted several sources of information. The basic language of research was English, though in some cases specific searches and readings were made of texts in French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German. During the search the following was taken into account: a) the different stages of dams life (Planning, Design, Construction, Operation and Decommissioning); b) the different types and purposes of dams (e.g. water, mining disposal, industrial waste, levees etc.); c) the different views of stakeholders (e.g. different types of users, owners, operators, regulatory agencies, dam safety professionals etc.).

  11. Research and analysis of the legal and institutional framework in 28 countries, including South Africa, Germany, Argentina, Australia (ANCOLD, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria), Austria, Canada (CDA, Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec), China, Chile, Slovakia, Spain, USA (ASDSO, Federal Law, State Laws), Finland, France, Holland, India, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, UK, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland. Other regulatory schemes (e.g. European Union, Armenia, Peru, ICOLD, World Bank; WCD).

  12. BIBLIOGRAFIC REFERENCES (200) CONSULTED BIBLIOGRAFY (346) “damsafety” – Google – 18/dec/2008 => 694,000 ref.

  13. Cap 2 • Cap 3 • Cap 5 • Canali (2002) • Bradlow et al. (2002) • Jahuari (1999) • Pinto (2008) • ANCOLD (2008) • Adib (2008) • 46 “GOOD PRACTICES” for dam safety management • Incorporated as possible in the proposed model

  14. Dam Safety supervisory authorities: a) Mining waste (except nuclear) - DNPM; b) Industrial or mining nuclear waste - CNEN; c) Hydropower generation - ANEEL; d) Industrial waste (except nuclear) - the environmental regulatory authority (federal - IBAMA, state or municipal); e) Water accumulation for multiple uses (except for hydropower generation) – the water resources regulatory authority (Federal – ANA or state)

  15. Schematic drawing of interactions between institutions in the Dam Safety Management System proposed for Brazil

  16. Bill No. 1181/2003 Sets the National Policy on Dam Safety - PNSB and creates the National Information System on the Dam Safety – SNISB and the National Dam Safety Management Program - PNGSB. Index CHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISION CHAPTER II - THE PURPOSE CHAPTER III - THE FUNDAMENTALS CHAPTER IV - SUPERVISION CHAPTER V - INSTRUMENTS Section I - Classification by the Associated Potential Damage (DPA) and the Class of Vulnerability (CV) Section II - Plan of Dam Safety Management (PGSB) Section III - The National Dam Safety Information System (SNISB) Section IV - The Annual National Report on the Dam Safety Management Section V - The National Dam Safety Management Program - PNGSB Section VI - Education and Communication on Dam Safety Management Section VII - Guarantees against damage to third parties CHAPTER VI - DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITIES CHAPTER VII - TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS APPENDIX - Criteria for assessing the Associated Potential Damage (DPA)

  17. the owner is primarily responsible • the dam safety professional is responsible for the content of plans, designs, reports etc. • the regulatory/supervisory agency is responsible for process supervision, control and enforcement

  18. Actions for the implementation of the model proposed • Approval of Bill 1181/2003 in its proposed form. • supervisory authorities (OFs) will internally compose teams to prepare orientation for the entrepreneurs to make their internal procedures of pre- and post-authorization, granting, concession, licensing etc. They should also discuss the strategy to list the dams in their jurisdiction. • National Water Resources Council-CNRH should create a permanent Technical Chamber specific for Dam Safety which should prepare the general guidelines indicated in the Law and appreciate the Annual Report on Dam Safety Management in Brazil (RAGSBB); • entrepreneurs, chiefly those with more than one dam, will create internal groups to standardize procedures about dam safety management and will contract consultants to help in the process of qualification, internalization and implementation; • Federal Supervisory Authorities will join forces at the Federal Dam Safety Commission (CFSB) to define standards and procedures to be followed, including with respect to the methodology of allocation of the resources of the National Program for Dam Safety Management (PNGSB); • Civil Defense, which will also compose the CFSB, should standardize the PAEs (external part) and qualify their teams concerning dam emergencies; • universities and centers of learning should promote courses destined to provide professional education specifically about dam safety management and incorporate this theme in the current undergraduate disciplines; • Regional Council of Engineers and Architects - CREA will demand that the professional have taken courses related to dams upon emitting Annotations of Technical Responsibility - ARTs for activities related to planning, projects, construction, first Filling, first Opening, operation, modification, deactivation or removal; • CFSB will develops standardized models and will support the States to avoid their beginning to implant legislation and procedures that utilize principles that differ from the proposal of the national legislation contained in the Bill 1181/2003; • CFSB will establish the eligibility criteria and accompany the application of the resources of the National Dam Safety Program (PNSB).

  19. Even before the approval of Bill 1181/2003, some states (e.g., Minas Gerais and Ceará) are already organizing themselves in the proposed way. This shows that some actions can be anticipated, that it is all a question of the attitude position of the institutions. However, the new law is important to eliminate the grey zones which permit certain accommodations and inactions of some institutions;

  20. Dam Safety Virtual Discussion Forum (DAMSAFETY GROUP) http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/damsafety/ 26/dec/2000 More than 3 thousand messages exchanged 650 participants (Brazil, Argentina, Portugal, Colômbia, EUA) Regulatory Agencies Ministries & linked entities State Institutions Private Enterprises Universities/Research Centers Associations/NGOs Hydroeletric Enterprises Others

  21. THANKS ! rogerio@menescal.net

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