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Echoes of World War: Seeds of WWII and Holocaust Depths

Explore the impact of World War I on Europe's plunge into World War II, the "total" nature of the conflict, the horrors of the Holocaust, and postwar societal shifts. Delve into the roots of WWII aggression and the domestic fronts across nations, analyzing pivotal events and decisions that shaped global history.

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Echoes of World War: Seeds of WWII and Holocaust Depths

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  1. Chapter 20:World War II AP European History (pg#743-784)

  2. Learning Objectives: 1. How did World War I sow the seeds to World War II? 2. In what ways was World War II a "total" war? 3. What was the Holocaust? 4. What impact did World War II have on European society? 5. How did the Allies prepare for a postwar Europe?

  3. Chapter Outline: I. Again the road to war (1933-1939) II. World War II (1939-1945) III. Racism and the Holocaust IV. The Domestic Fronts V. Preparations for Peace VI. In perspective

  4. Vocabulary Anschluss(748) blitzkrieg(754) Luftwaffe(756) appeasement(746) Holocaust(768) Third Reich(758)Axis(745) lebensraum(744) 10.8.1: Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930’s; including the 1937 “Rape of Nanking”, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 10.8.2: Understand the role of appeasement, non-intervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United states prior to the outbreak of World War II

  5. Chapter 20 Review Questions Again the Road to War (1933-1939): 1. What were Hitler’s foreign policy aims? Was he bent on conquest, or did he simply want to return Germany to its 1914 boundaries? 2. Why did Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement in the 1930s? Did the West buy valuable time to rearm at Munich in 1938? World War II (1939-1945): 3. How was Hitler able to defeat France so easily in 1940? Why did the air war against Britain fail? Why did Hitler invade Russia? Could the invasion have succeeded?

  6. Chapter 20 Review Questions 4. Why did Japan attack the United States at Pearl Harbor? How important was American intervention in the war? Why did the United States drop atomic bombs on Japan? Was President Truman right to use the bombs? The Domestic Fronts: 5. How did experiences on the domestic front in Britain differ from those in Germany and France? What impact did “The Great Patriotic War” have on the people of the Soviet Union? Racism and the Holocaust: 6. What was Hitler’s “final solution” to the Jewish question? Why did he want to eliminate Slavs as well? To what extent can it be said the Holocaust was the defining event of the twentieth century?

  7. From Appeasement to War I. Aggession goes Unchecked a. Fascist leaders: Hitler, Mussolini, Franco, and Tojo viewed all pleas for peace by democracies as being “weak” 1. Japan Overruns Manchuria and Eastern China a. 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, northwest China (resources) b. 1937, Japan controlled ½ of all China c. 1937, 2nd Sino-Japanese war started d. Japan quit League of Nations 2. Italy invades Ethiopia a. 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia b. Italian weapons, poison gas, overpowered Ethiopian army c. Leader of Ethiopia appealed to League of Nations, but they could not help 3. Hitler goes against the Treaty of Versailles a. Hitler re-built German military b. 1936, Germany sent troops into Rhineland 10.8.1: Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930’s; including the 1937 “Rape of Nanking”, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 10.8.2: Understand the role of appeasement, non-intervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United states prior to the outbreak of World War II

  8. 3. Keeping the peace a. Britain & France felt communism worse than fascism b. sympathy from many Europeans felt Germany justified for rebuilding due to harsh reparations from Versailles treaty of WWI c. world-wide great depression tempered any response to rising fascism in Europe d. many adopted policy of pacifism, or opposition to all war 4. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis a. 1940, Axis powers created with Germany, Italy, Japan agreeing to assist one another b. fight Soviet comunism From Appeasement to War 10.8.1: Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930’s; including the 1937 “Rape of Nanking”, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 10.8.2: Understand the role of appeasement, non-intervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United states prior to the outbreak of World War II

  9. From Appeasement to War II. Spain Collapses into Civil War 1. 1936, Civil War in Spain as King abdicated 2. Francisco Franco led military revolt starting civil war 3. Spanish nationalists, assisted by socialists from around the world fought Franco, but lost 4. Germany & Italy sent military forces to assist Franco 5. 1939, fascism won as Franco defeated Nationalists III. German Aggression Continues 1. Hitler pushed for “lebensraum” a. extended Germany territory for all ethnic Germans b. 1938 Austria annexed c. 1938, Germany moved into the Sudetenland, area in Czechoslovakia (later took over entire country) 2. "Peace in our time" a. Munich conference, September 1938 b. Neville Chamberlain, British MP received assurances that Germany would not take any more territory 10.8.1: Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930’s; including the 1937 “Rape of Nanking”, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 10.8.2: Understand the role of appeasement, non-intervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United states prior to the outbreak of World War II

  10. From Appeasement to War IV. Europe Plunges Toward War 1. Nazi-Soviet Pact a. Peace between Germany & Soviet Union b. division of Poland to pre-WWI boundaries c. Soviet Union to take over: -Estonia -Latvia -Lithuania d. Germany used "blitzkrieg" military tactics to overrun Poland 10.8.1: Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930’s; including the 1937 “Rape of Nanking”, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939 10.8.2: Understand the role of appeasement, non-intervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United states prior to the outbreak of World War II

  11. Division of Poland betweenGermany and the Soviet Union

  12. Axis Acts of Agression 4 of 7

  13. German Acts of Agression 5 of 7

  14. World War II and Its Aftermath: Section 2 Note Taking Transparency 172A 4 of 8

  15. German and Japanese Occupation during WWII 5 of 8

  16. Pearl Harbor, HawaiiU.S. territory, December 7, 1941 6 of 8

  17. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, Two flights of Japanese aircraft destroyed the U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet

  18. Japanese Attack on Singapore Fighting February 7-15 1942 100,000 British troops POW

  19. The Axis Advances I. The Axis Attacks: 1. September 1, 1939, German forces attacked Poland from the West 2. September 1, 1939, Soviet forces attacked from the East 3. Germans used new military tactic- “blitzkrieg”, or “lightning war” 4. 1st phase-precision aircraft attack behind enemy lines, 2nd phase-heavy armor (tanks) lead attack 3rd phase-infantry finish attack 5. France & Britain declared war on Germany, but to weak militarily to do anything to save Poland 10.8.3: Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions with an emphasis on on the importance of geographic factors. 10.8.5: Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its tranformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.

  20. What does this cartoon represent?

  21. Phony War 6. Battle line in Europe: -Maginot (French) -Siegfried (German) -essentially French-German border 7. for six months neither side attacked, became known as “Phony war” 8. May, 1940, German forces attacked Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemberg, Northern France 9. June 14, 1940, Paris fell to German forces, June 22, 1940 France occupied by Germany 10.8.3: Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions with an emphasis on on the importance of geographic factors. 10.8.5: Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its tranformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.

  22. Retreat at Dunkirk As German forces raced across France, Allied forces (French, British) retreated to the beaches of Dunkirk in hopes of escape. a. 338,000 troops saved by 850+ ships of all types b. all military equipment was left behind on the beaches 10.8.3: Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions with an emphasis on on the importance of geographic factors. 10.8.5: Analyze the Nazi policy of pursuing racial purity, especially against the European Jews; its tranformation into the Final Solution; and the Holocaust that resulted in the murder of six million Jewish civilians.

  23. Battle of Britain • Germany set out to destroy the British Air force/invade Britain a. September 7, 1940, Germany air attacks began to target civilian targets as well as military targets b. Britain able to defeat German Air force after stealing “Enigma”, German military telegraph machine c. British able to read German military plans

  24. Division of France under German Control German “Nazi’ flag-leader Adolf Hitler Free French Flag-leader Charles de Gaulle Vichy French Flag-leader Marshal Philippe Petain

  25. Japanese Attacks on American Possessions in the Pacific • December 7, 1941 Japan attacks the following areas in the Pacific: 1. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (U.S. Navy fleet) 2. Wake Island (U.S. territory) (Dec 22,1941) 3. Philippines (U.S. territory) 4. Guam (U.S. territory) (Dec 10, 1941) 5. American civilian/military interests in China

  26. Japanese Attacks in the Pacific following Pearl Harbor • Malaya • Thailand • Shanghai (Feb 15, 1942) • Hong Kong (Dec 26, 1941) • British Borneo

  27. Japanese Invasion of the Philippines • General Douglas MacArthur- leader of all Allied forces Philippines General Masaharu Homma, Leader of all Japanese forces Which invaded and ultimately Seized the Philippines

  28. Siege in the Philippines • Philippine forces included a mix of American and Filipino units, most of which were ill- equipped to successfully defend against a Japanese invasion Japanese Advance Across the Philippines Effectively Cutting Allied Forces in half Japanese forces advanced south pushing American/Filipino forces south towards the South China Sea

  29. Siege in the PhilippinesBataan Death March General Douglas MacArthur had been ordered to Australia a month previously but had promised via radio that “I Shall Return”. • May 8, 1942, Allied forces, under command of General Jonathan Wainwright, surrendered after Japanese forces successfully invaded Corregidor Island, Manila Bay Over 100,000 American and Filipino POW’s Were now under Japanese control POW’s Would be forced to march April 9, 1942, the infamous "Death March" 6 days, 90 miles, began at the Mariveles terminating at Camp O'Donnell and later moved to Camp Cabanatuan

  30. Bataan Death March

  31. “Big Three” Allied LeadersWorld War II Yalta conference Potsdam conference Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt

  32. Axis Leaders of WWII Adolf Hitler, Chancellor, Germany Hideki Tojo, Prime Minister, Japan Benito Mussolini Prime Minister, Italy

  33. Top American Military Leaders of WWII Pacific Admiral Chester Nimitz General Douglas MacArthur U. S. Navy U.S. Army

  34. Top American Military Leaders of WWII, Europe General George Marshall General Dwight Eisenhower General George Patton General Omar Bradley

  35. Technologies that helped to win the war for the Allies • Radar • Sonar • Nylon • Plexiglass • Improved submarine warfare • Communication/ encryption equipment

  36. D-DayJune 6, 1944Allied Invasion of Europe

  37. Combat Photography Robert Capa

  38. D-DayInvasion of Normandy, France • Casualties by country troops/casualties 1. USA-73,000/6,603 2. Britain-61-715/2,700 3. Canada-21,400/946

  39. Air War in Europe/Pacific

  40. Air War in Europe/Pacific

  41. Hiroshima/NagasakiAugust 6-9, 1945 “Little Man” • release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) was uneventful, and the gravity bomb known as "Little Boy", a gun-type fission weapon with 60 kg (130 pounds) of uranium-235, took 57 seconds to fall from the aircraft to the predetermined detonation height about 600 meters (1,900 ft) above the city. It created a blast equivalent to about 13 kilotons of TNT. The "Fat Man" weapon, containing a core of ~6.4 kg (14.1 lbs.) of plutonium-239, was dropped over the city's industrial valley. Forty-three seconds later it exploded 469 meters (1,540 ft) above the ground exactly halfway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south and the Mitsubishi-Urakami Ordnance Works (Torpedo Works) in the north. This was nearly 3 kilometers (2 mi) northwest of the planned hypocenter; the blast was confined to the Urakami Valley and a major portion of the city was protected by the intervening hills meters (1,540 ft) above the ground exactly halfway between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works in the south and the Mitsubishi-Urakami release at 08:15 (Hiroshima time) was uneventful, and the gravity bomb known as "Little Boy", a gun-type fission weapon with 60 kg (130 pounds) of uranium-235, took 57 seconds to fall from the aircraft to the predetermined detonation height about 600 meters (1,900 ft) above the city. It created a blast equivalent to about 13 kilotons of TNT.

  42. Hiroshima/NagasakiAugust 6-9, 1945

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