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Mandatos formales – formal commands

Learn how to form and use formal commands in Spanish with clear explanations, rules, and examples. Explore conjugation changes and irregular verbs. Improve your command of the language effectively.

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Mandatos formales – formal commands

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  1. Mandatosformales – formal commands Commands are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: • Tú: informal, singular • Vosotros: informal, plural • Ud.: formal, singular • Uds.: formal, plural • However, we will concentrate on the formalcommands only.

  2. Let’s look at a few examples! • Hable despacio, por favor. • ¡Repita, por favor.! • No hagan el ejercicio A. • ¡No corran en la clase!

  3. Hable despacio, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO • Drop the –o: HABL- • “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command:HABL

  4. Repita, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? • Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO • Drop the –o: REPIT- • “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command:REPIT

  5. Opposite vowels • Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”: • AR verbs add an –E. • ER & IR verbs add an –A.

  6. Let’s try a couple! • Comer: ¡______ Ud.! • ¡Coma Ud.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Escriba Ud.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! • ¡Tome Ud.! • Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! • ¡Entregue la tarea! • Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

  7. Uds… • Entreguen Uds. la tarea. • Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

  8. Let’s try a couple more! • Comer: ¡______ Uds.! • ¡Coman Uds.! • Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Escriban Uds.! • Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! • ¡Tomen Uds.! • Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! • ¡Comiencen el examen! • Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

  9. ¡No! • How do we make negative commands in Spanish? • ¡No fume! • ¡No tome café! • ¡No coma tanto! • Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.

  10. ¡Levántese! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! • In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. • Levante + se • Levanten + se

  11. ¡No se levante! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡No se levante! ¡No se siente! • In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. • No se levante. • No se levanten. • No se siente. • No se sienten.

  12. Some irregularsSea, esté, dé, sepa, vaya • These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: • Ser > sea, sean • Estar > esté, estén • Dar > dé, den • Saber > sepa, sepan • Ir > vaya, vayan • The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

  13. Nosotros commands • This form allows you to suggest that others do some activity with you and it is equivalent to “let’s (do something)” in English. • It is formed by substituting the –o of the present tense yo form of a verb with an –emosfor MOST –ar verbs, or –amosfor MOST –er and –ir verbs.

  14. Some notes… • Stem changing –ar and –er verbs DO NOT REQUIRE a stem change in the nosotros/nosotras command. • Stem changing –irverbs REQUIRE a stem change. Example: pedir – pidamosdormir – durmamos Reflexive Verbs – Drop the “s” before adding the “nos” in affirmative commands. Example: sentarse – sentémonos, No nossentemos IRREGULAR…The affirmative nosotros/nosotras command for the verb iris Vamos (let’s go).

  15. Nosotros commands

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