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Exploring Computer Systems and Abstractions

Dive into the abstractions applied in systems like DVD players, web browsing, and computer hardware generations. Test your knowledge with practice flashcards and quizzes on binary values, number systems, and data representation techniques.

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Exploring Computer Systems and Abstractions

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  1. Chapter 1 The Big Picture

  2. QUIZ Explain the abstractions we normally apply when using the following systems: • DVD player • Registering for classes on DuckTrax • Walking • In each case, explain what is the internal view and what is the abstract view. 2 5

  3. QUIZ Explain the abstraction applied in browsing the WWW: • What is the internal view? • What is the abstract view? 3

  4. QUIZ Connect each generation of computer hardware with its defining technology: 1st Gen. ICs 2nd Gen. Multi-core processors 3rd Gen. LSI, VLSI 4th Gen. Vacuum tubes 5th Gen. Transistors 4

  5. Practice Flashcards on the text website 5

  6. Chapter 2 Binary Values and Number Systems

  7. Converting Binary to Decimal What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101110? 11011102 = ???10 13

  8. Converting Binary to Decimal What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101110? 1 x 26 = 1 x 64 = 64 + 1 x 25 = 1 x 32 = 32 + 0 x 24 = 0 x 16 = 0 + 1 x 23 = 1 x 8 = 8 + 1 x 22 = 1 x 4 = 4 + 1 x 21 = 1 x 2 = 2 + 0 x 2º = 0 x 1 = 0 = 110 in base 10 13

  9. QUIZ:100110102 = ???10

  10. Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number DEF? D x 162 = 13 x 256 = 3328 + E x 161 = 14 x 16 = 224 + F x 16º = 15 x 1 = 15 = 3567 in base 10

  11. QUIZ:2AF16 = ???10

  12. Converting Octal to Decimal What is the decimal equivalent of the octal number 642? 6428 = ???10 11

  13. Converting Octal to Decimal What is the decimal equivalent of the octal number 642? 6 x 82 = 6 x 64 = 384 + 4 x 81 = 4 x 8 = 32 + 2 x 8º = 2 x 1 = 2 = 418 in base 10 11

  14. QUIZ: Convert to decimal1101 00112 = ???10AB716 = ???105138 = ???106928 = ???10

  15. Addition QUIZ Carry values go here 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Check in base ten! 14

  16. Subtraction QUIZ 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 - 1 1 0 1 1 1 Borrow values Check in base ten! 15

  17. Repeated division QUIZ Convert 4210 to binary 42  2 = rem. 4210 = 2 19

  18. Converting Binary to Octal • Mark groups of three (from right) • Convert each group • 10101011 10101011 • 2 5 3 • 10101011 is 253 in base 8 17

  19. Converting Binary to Hexadecimal • Mark groups of four (from right) • Convert each group • 10101011 10101011 • A B • 10101011 is AB in base 16 18

  20. Counting Count from 5 to 17 in binary. Place the numbers in a table.

  21. Converting Octal to Hexadecimal Convert octal 253 into hex. 18

  22. Converting Octal to Hexadecimal Convert octal 253 into hex. 1010101110101011 2 5 3 A B 253 in base 8 = AB in base 16 18

  23. Quiz on Ch.2 Convert 201023 to decimal

  24. Chapter 03 Data Representation

  25. Quiz A video file is originally 3.5 GB long. We compress it to 490 MB. What is the compression ratio?

  26. Quiz A digital thermometer has a scale from 50 to 100 degrees (F). The temperature is represented on 7 bits. What is the smallest temperature difference that it can measure?

  27. QUIZ How many bits are needed to represent all the courses you’re planning to take in college?

  28. QUIZ Given the following representations, find in each case what actual number is being represented: • 51 • 52 • 96 • 47

  29. EXTRA-CREDIT QUIZ If the representation is 76, what actual number is being represented?

  30. QUIZ What is the representation for each of these actual numbers? • -48 • -40 • -30 • -5

  31. Let’s use ten’s complement! To perform addition, add the numbers and discard any carry • Now you try it • 48 (signed-magnitude) • 1 • 47 • How does it work in • the new scheme?

  32. Adding two negative numbers Try these: 4 - 4 -4 - 3 +3 + -3

  33. QUIZ What is the 8-bit two’s complement representation of these numbers? • -13 • 40

  34. QUIZ Perform the following operation in 8-bit two’s complement: 40 – 13

  35. Trick QUIZ What decimal number does this binary number represent? 1001 1110

  36. Converting fractions from binary to decimal Easy! Just multiply with the powers of 2, as we did for unsigned binary. Only difference is that now the powers are negative. Example: .10012 = 0. 10

  37. QUIZ Convert: .10112 = 0. 10

  38. Converting fractions from decimal to binary Remember the repeated divisionalgorithm? We apply it for the integer part of the number. To covert the fractional part, we use the repeated multiplicationalgorithm! Example: 0.43510 = 0. 2

  39. QUIZ Convert: 0.310 = 0. 2

  40. QUIZ Finite decimal fractions may have infinite binary representation! 0.310 = 0. 0100110011 2 Stop after 8 bits!

  41. QUIZ Convert to floating point and to scientific notation: 123.332 = -0.0034 = 0.0 =

  42. QUIZ Encode “Hello, world!” in ASCII Decode 67 83 32 49 49 48 from ASCII

  43. Huffman decoding QUIZ Decode: 1011111001010

  44. QUIZ Explain the similarities and differences between 00FF00 and 008800

  45. Extra-credit question TrueColor A 24-bit color depth: eight bits used for each number in an RGB value How many different colors can be represented in TrueColor? Please show your work.

  46. QUIZ Are these HiColor or TrueColor?

  47. Extra-credit question How many bits are needed to represent this palette? Please show your work.

  48. 3.6 Representing Video The problem: huge amount of data! Example: In HDTV, the Frame size is defined as the number of horizontal pixels × number of vertical pixels: • 1280 × 720 • 1920 × 1080 Calculate: 1] Data rate (bits per second) for 25 fps 2] Size (bytes) of 2-hour movie

  49. All hail the HARDWARE! Chapter 4 Gates and Circuits(with some transistors thrown in for good measure)

  50. QUIZ: recognize the gate!

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