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Psychology

Psychology. Principles in Practice. Psychology. Psychology: The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes Where do we Psychology around us?. Behavior/Cognitive. Cognitive: Mental processes including thoughts, dreams, perception, and memories

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Psychology

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  1. Psychology Principles in Practice

  2. Psychology • Psychology: The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes • Where do we Psychology around us?

  3. Behavior/Cognitive • Cognitive: Mental processes including thoughts, dreams, perception, and memories • Behavior: Actions people can observe or measure

  4. Behavior • Any action people can observe or measure • Includes: • Eating/Drinking • Brain Activity • Walking/Running • Anything almost

  5. Psychological constructs • Things we can’t touch or measure • Anger, Happiness, Hurt – These are behaviors that usually can not be see or measured -Behavior or Psych Construct? – • 1. You think about how much you dislike the Kardashians • 2. Walk to the TV to turn off Tosh.O • 3. You think how much you hate women’s tennis

  6. ODE • Observe, Describe, and Explain • The ODE gives us a theory • Theory: A statement that explains your findings Theories create Principles: A truth or law

  7. Look around You • Have you ever judged people…chances are you have • Have you ever people watched? • The Lecture Circuit: • http://www.imdb.com/video/hulu/vi3409773337/

  8. Traditional Schools of Psychology • Structuralism • Functionalism • Psychoanalysis • Gestalt • Behaviorism

  9. Early Beginnings • Officially a science in the late 1800’s • Willhelm Wundt is considered the “father of Psychology” • “Voont” applied scientific principles to studying the mind • He did this through “objective introspection” • Def: Measuring one’s own thoughts and metal activities • Wundt would place an object in front of someone and ask them what they thought

  10. Objective Introspection Example • Look at the Chalkboard • What are you thinking about? • How does it make you feel? • What are you repressing? • What flaws does this approach have?

  11. Structuralism • Major Influence: Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Tichener • Based on Wundt’s beginnings this focuses on the structure of the mind and how it works • Focus: Each thought is believed to come from an experience or thought about something else • Each person has to think through his/her own mind to answer – This is Introspection

  12. Functionalism • Major Influence: William James; Father of American Psychology • Focus: How the mind functions effect daily life • James argued that once you started thinking about what you were thinking about its was no longer what you would have been thinking… • Studying the conscious (what you are thinking right now) was not possible to him • Rather, he asked why do some people avoid eye contact, walk a certain way, etc

  13. Gestalt • (Gesh-Talt) German for – An organized whole • Major influence: Max Wertheimer • Focus: How the mid perceives parts and wholes • Wertheimer believed if you break things down then they are just components, no longer a whole • Example: You take apart an engine – Now you have engine parts but not an engine

  14. Gestalt Drawings

  15. Gestalt Cont’ • Continuity: Lines are seen as following the smoothest path • Proximity: Objects near each other get grouped together • Pragnanz: We organize in the simplest way possible • Closure: Objects grouped together are seen as a whole • Similarity: Items that tend to be similar we group together

  16. Examples • Name the correct law suggested by Gestalt Psychology:

  17. Create You Own • Take an 8 ½ by 11 sheet of paper and create your own Gestalt Drawing • Be creative, take your time, make them pretty • 10 Points

  18. Psychoanalysis • Major Influence: Sigmund Freud • Focus: The unconscious, repressed memories and experiences that determine behavior • Freud was the first to look beyond the now (conscious) and explore why people think/act outside conscious thought • Freud harped on childhood memories and sexual desires believing personality was formed by age 6. • More on Freud later

  19. Behaviorism • Major Influence: Ivan Pavlov and John Watson • Focus: Observable behavior that is learned over time, not conscious or unconscious thought/feelings • This was a return to science and data, not thought or feeling • Ivan Pavlov: Conditioning Experiment • John Watson: Little Albert Experiment

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