Threatened Birds of India: Understanding their Challenges and Conservation

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2. Threatened Birds of India

3. Why birds are threatened • Habitat Destruction • Expansion of Agriculture • Rapid Industrialization • Poaching and Trade • Global Warming and Climate Change

4. Categories of threatened birds • Extinct – not seen at least for 50 years • Critically Endangered – likely to be extinct • Endangered – high risk of extinction • Vulnerable – risk of extinction • Near threatened – close to vulnerable • Least Concern – not qualify any of the above • Data deficient – no information available

5. Threatened Birds Scenario

6. Critically Endangered • In Central India we have 9 species of the birds which come under this category

7. White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis • This species is widely distributed in India • Till late 1990 it was in abundant but declined rapidly • Cause – veterinary use of diclofenac for livestock

8. Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus • This species is also widely distributed in India • Like White-backed Vultures their population declined rapidly after 1990 • Cause – veterinary use of diclofenac for cattle

9. Jerdon's Courser Rhinptilus bitorquatus • This is endemic bird found in south-eastern Andhra Pradesh. Earlier known from few places in Central India from Godavari River basin. • Habitat specialist bird found only in scrub forest • Threats – habitat destruction because of human activities

10. Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti • This bird is endemic to Satpuda Mountains known from only from six places in Central India. Because of the Forest Owlet, the Central Indian Forests come under Endemic Bird Area • Only found in dry deciduous forests • Threats – habitat destruction for fuel wood, illicit wood cutting, overgrazing and direct persecution by tribal

11. Endangered • We have 12 bird species which come under this category

12. Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps • Historically spread all over Indian subcontinent. Now restricted to only a few places in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh • Habitat specialist birds representative of Grassland • Threats – expansion of agriculture, habitat fragmentation, overgrazing, pesticides and hunting

13. Vulnerable • We have 59 species which come under this category

14. Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis • The species found all over India in large wetlands • The population is declining very fast • Threats – destruction of nesting habitat, drainage and pollution of wetlands and dearth of food

15. Sarus Crane Grus antigone • Historically widespread all over south Asia and Australia. Now declining all over its range • Threats - primarily threatened by a combination of habitat loss and modification (owing primarily to agricultural expansion), pollution and persecution

16. Near Threatened • We have 58 species which fall under this category

17. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala • Widespread and locally common resident in South east Asia • It frequents freshwater marshes, lakes and reservoirs, flooded fields, paddy fields, freshwater swamp forests, riverbanks, intertidal mudflats and saltpans • Threats - habitat loss, disturbance, pollution and hunting of adults and collection of eggs and nestlings from colonies is cause for concern

18. Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor • Found only in Asia and African Continent • Every year 10% population decline is observed in Africa. It breeds in Little Run of Katch in Gujarat • After breeding, disperse over Indian Subcontinent • Threats – water pollution, disturbance to nesting sites and habitat destruction

19. Thanks Submitted by Ambar Patna

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