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Chapter 13 Mass Society & Democracy

Chapter 13 Mass Society & Democracy. Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity. The Second Industrial Revolution. MORE changes in industry 1 st IR = textiles, RRs, iron, coal 2 nd IR = steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum (oil). New Products. Steel replaces iron WHY?

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Chapter 13 Mass Society & Democracy

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  1. Chapter 13Mass Society & Democracy Section 1 – The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

  2. The Second Industrial Revolution • MORE changes in industry • 1st IR = textiles, RRs, iron, coal • 2nd IR = steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum (oil)

  3. New Products • Steel replaces iron • WHY? • 125,000 in 1860 • 32 million in 1913 • Electricity • Easily harnessed and transferred through space • Lightbulb (Thomas Edison in the U.S. and Joseph Swan in G.B.) • Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell in 1876) • Radio waves (Guglielmo Marconi)

  4. -Leads to airplane (Orville and Wilbur Wright – Kitty Hawk, NC – 1919) -Leads to automobile

  5. New Patterns • Again, quality of life rises (wages go up, prices go down, middle class grows) • Dept. stores pop up in cities • Europe divided • West – GB, France, etc. industrialize • East – Italy, Russia, A-H, etc. didn’t • But both sides benefit! Why? • A worldwide economy is born

  6. Organizing the Working Classes • Some bad conditions led many to try and make things better through government • 3 Main Ideas • Marxism • Socialism • Unions

  7. 1. Marxism • Karl Marx (and Friedrich Engels) • “The Communist Manifesto” – 1848 • Hated Industrial Capitalism for creating bad factory conditions • Oppressed vs. oppressor, haves vs. have nots for control, govt., and power • Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat • Solution = Communism • Thought it would lead to revolution and a classless society

  8. 2. Socialsim • Based on Marxism, but twisted his original ideas • German Social Democratic Party (GSDP) • Wanted revolution • Won elections and voted for better working conditions • All of these backfire • By 1912, largest party in Germany • They wanted the govt. to own everything and distribute it equally!

  9. 3. Trade/Labor Unions • Union – workers of the same kind who have banded together to get what they want • Strikes – work stoppages called by union members to force employers to do what they want (improve conditions, raise pay, etc.) • Again, these usually backfire • Your book says, “unions improved both the living and working conditions of the working classes.” • Is this true?

  10. A LIVING EXAMPLE THE UGLY TRUTH ABOUT MINIMUM WAGE

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