- Describing Matter - Measuring Matter - Changes in Matter - Energy and Matter

1. Introduction to Matter - Describing Matter- Measuring Matter- Changes in Matter- Energy and Matter

2. Describing Matter • K.1.1.1 Identify the properties used to describe matter. • K.1.1.2 Define elements and explain how they relate to compounds. • K.1.1.3. Describe the properties of a mixture.

3. Describing Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

4. Describing Matter Every form of matter has two kinds of properties: Physical Properties and Chemical Properties. Physical Properties are observed without changing a substance into another substance. (hardness, color, texture). Chemical Properties: the ability of a substance to change into a different substance. (burning, rusting, etc.)

5. Describing Matter All matter is made up of elements. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down. Elements are the simplest substances. An atom is the basic particle that makes up an element.

6. Describing Matter Atoms of elements combine together to form molecule: Water Molecule (H2O). A chemical bond is the force that holds the two atoms together.

7. Describing Matter A compound is two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined. NaCl2 = NaCl Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (Table Salt). A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a Set RATIO. A compound can be represented by a chemical formula:

8. Describing Matter A mixture are different from compounds. A mixture is made up of two of more substances, but NOT chemically combined. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also, the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio.

9. Describing Matter A mixture can be heterogeneous or homogeneous: In heterogeneous mixtures you can see the different parts: In homogeneous mixtures, substances are evenly mixed that you cannot see different parts. For example air: nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, etc.

10. Describing Matter Exercise: Properties of Matter: Property: Physical or Chemical? Ability to burn Color Flexibility Ability to tarnish Ability to freeze Ability to rust

11. Describing Matter Exercise: Properties of Matter: Property: Physical or Chemical? Ability to burn chemical Color physical Flexibility physical Ability to tarnish chemical Ability to freeze physical Ability to rust chemical

12. Measuring Matter K.1.2.1 Differentiate between weight and mass. K.1.2.2 Identify the units used to express the amount of space occupied by matter? K.1.2.3 Describe how the density of the material is determined.

13. Measuring Matter Weight and mass are two ways to measure mass. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. The mass of an object is the measurement of how much matter it contains. Unlike its weight, an object’s mass will not change if the force of gravity on it changes.

14. Measuring Matter Scientists use the International System of Units to measure the properties of matter. (SI). The SI unit for mass is (gram). The amount of space that matter occupies is called its volume. Solids, liquids, and gases all have volume. Volume = Length x Width x Height V = LxWxH When you multiply these measurements, your must multiply the units as well ( cm x cm x cm = cm3 )

15. Measuring Matter

16. Measuring Matter Samples of different materials may have the same volume but not the same mass. An important property of matter is density. Density relates the mass and volume of an object or material: Density = Mass/Volume The unit of density is always a unit of mass, such as grams, divided by a unit of volume, such as cubic centimeters. (g/cm cubed)

17. Measuring Matter 1) A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 40.5 g. What is its density? 2) Mercury metal is poured into a graduated cylinder that holds exactly 22.5 mL. The mercury used to fill the cylinder weighs 306.0 g. From this information, calculate the density of mercury.

18. Measuring Matter 3) What is the weight of the ethyl alcohol that exactly fills a 200.0 mL container? The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. When looking for the mass of an object: Mass = Density x Volume M = DV 4) A rectangular block of copper metal weighs 1896 g. The dimensions of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper?

19. Measuring Matter: Lab: Making Sense of Density

20. Changes in Matter: K.1.3.1 Describe what a physical change is. K.1.3.2 Describe what a chemical change is. K.1.3.3 Explain how changes in matter are related to changes in energy.

21. Changes in Matter: • A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the change. One example of a physical change, is a change in state. Solid to liquid or from a liquid to a gas. Other kinds of physical changes are dissolving, bending, crushing, and filtering. • Unlike a chemical change, a chemical change produces a new substance with different properties from those of the original substances. For example, combustion, or burning.

22. Changes in Matter: • Although it may seem like matter disappears when it burns, that is not what is really happening. It has been long proven that mass is not lost or gained when matter changes. THE LAW OF CONSVERATION of MASS states that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical reaction. • Every chemical or physical change in matter includes a change in energy. When ice melts, it absorbs energy from the surrounding matter. • Temperature is a measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles in an object. Thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in an object. Thermal energy always moves from warm matter to cool matter.

23. Changes in Matter: When ice absorbs thermal energy from its surrounding, it melts. The melting of the ice s an endothermic change. An endothermic change is a change in which energy is taken in. (Remember: Endo = in). Exothermic change releases or gives off energy. For example, energy is given off in the form of heat and light.

24. Changes in Matter: • Which is an endothermic or exothermic change?

25. Changes in Matter: Lab: Is it Chemical or Physical?

26. Energy and Matter: K.1.4.1 Identify forms of energy that are related to changes in matter. K.1.4.2 Describe how chemical energy is related to chemical change.

27. Energy and Matter: Forms of energy related to changes in matter may include Kinetic, potential, chemical, electromagnetic, electrical, and thermal energy.

28. Energy and Matter: Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

29. Energy and Matter: Potential energy is the energy of an object because of its position. You can think of this energy as energy stored for later.

30. Energy and Matter: Chemical energy is when compounds have potential energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.

31. Energy and Matter: Chemical changes also release a form of energy called electromagnetic energy, which travels through space as waves, for example light, radio waves, x-rays.

32. Energy and Matter: The energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another is called electrical energy.

33. Energy and Matter: During a chemical change, chemical energy may be changed to other forms of energy. Other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)

34. Chapter One: Introduction to Matter - Test Prep Review: (1-10) page (1-5) Test Prep; page Review Sheet • Review for Chapter One Assessment • Chapter One Assessment