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“Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”

The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu. International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics: Meeting the 21 st Century Technical Challenges. “Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”. P.N.Prasad.

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“Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”

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  1. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics: Meeting the 21st Century Technical Challenges “Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation” P.N.Prasad

  2. Multifunctional Nanomaterials Metamaterials Nanoassebles and nano/microfabrication Chem/Bio technology Energy Health care Information technology The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Niagara Falls The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics • Multidisciplinary Frontier Research in Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics • Extensive Research Facility ($26 million) • Education and Training Funded by NSF • Industrial Collaboration : Co-development, Industrial training, advanced testing • Technology Transfer : 7 spin off companies (LPT, ACIS, Hybrid Technologies, NanoBiotix, Nanoaxis, Hangzhou Mingyue Laser Optoelectronics Co and Solexant Inc.) • Discussion with RUSNANO on a joint venture Nanobiotech company in Russia • International collaboration : Joint research, Student exchange, Joint workshop Nanotechnology at ILPB

  3. ILPB Nanotechnology Network Collaboration Visits (2008-2009) 2008 January 2008: Brazil February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: Philippines May 2008: China November 2008: China, Korea September 2008: Romania December 2008: Russia

  4. ILPB Nanotechnology Network Collaboration Visits (2008-2009) 2008 2009 January 2008: Brazil February 2009: Dubai August 2009: Ireland February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: Philippines March 2009: Malta, Germany August 2009: Brazil May 2008: China November 2008: China, Korea September 2009: China, Korea May 2009: China September 2008: Romania December 2008: Russia September 2009: Chile July 2009: Italy, Russia

  5. Energy Health Care Chemical And Biodefense Information Technology Environment Impact of Nanotechnology: Subject of Global Priorities

  6. Russia: 1.076 B$ US: 1.821 B$ EU: 2.440 B$ Japan: 1.128 B$ Korea: 0.350 B$ China: 0.510 B$ India: 0.050 B$ The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu NANOTECHNOLOGY: A GLOBAL PRIORITY Global Government Funding in 2008: 7.849 B$ Rest of World: 0.510 B$ http://www.cientifica.eu/images/Whitepapers/nor-sample.pdf

  7. NANOPHOTONICS Nanoscale Optical Interactions and Excitation Dynamics: Manipulation and Manifestations • Size Dependent Optical Transitions • Novel Optical Resonances • Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics • Manipulation of Light Propagation • Nanoscopic Field Enhancement Technologies for global priorities: Solar Energy, Information Technology, Environmental Monitoring, Healthcare

  8. NANOPHOTONICS FROM MEDIEVAL AGES (Stained Glass Window in Notre Dame de Paris: Rose Window) Metallic nanoparticle doped glasses

  9. NANOPHOTONICS: A Dream or Reality?  Nanophotonics in the Marketplace *Nanoparticle u.v. absorber in sunscreen lotions: -TiO2, ZnO * Semiconductor Lasers (Laser pointers, Laser printers, DVD players) -Quantum well lasers * Solid State Lasers for Chemical Sensing - Quantum cascade lasers * Nanoplasmonic Home-pregnancy kit

  10. QDs: Size-dependent absorption/emission Dendrimers: Control of excitation dynamics Plasmonic arrays: Field enhancement, Novel optical resonances Nanotrapping: Subwavelength control of field gradients Photonic crystals: Manipulation of light propagation NANOPHOTONICS

  11. Thermoelectrics Waste heat High Z nanostructured thin films Electricity Electricity Advanced Storage High performance battery and supercapacitor systems Solar Energy Abundant energy source only available during day • Nanomaterials: Colloidal quantum dots, High dielectric oxides, core-shell semiconductors, nanostructured electrodes, nanowiresand conductive polymers all contribute to efficiency of PV, thermoelectric, battery, and capacitor subsystems. Nanomaterials enable appropriate structures and geometries to achieve maximum results. Portable Renewable Energy Device

  12. QD with tunable absorption Nanophotonics solution: Enhanced charge collection by high mobility organics Photon Harvesting by IR absorbing QDs Facilitated Charge separation By conjugation to SWNT Quantum dots for harvesting IR photons Cho, Prasad et al.,Adv. Mater. 19, 232 (2007) Carrier multiplication by UV absorption in quantum dots Bi- exciton Hot Exciton ħωc S.J. Kim, P.N.Prasad et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 031107 (2008) The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Nanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar Energy • Current technologies need improvement in: • IR conversion • UV conversion

  13. Light Harvesting by Nature Vision Photosynthesis in plants Vitamin D Photosynthesis

  14. Harnessing Light for Therapy Photodynamic Therapy Historical Milestones | | | | | | | | 1000 BC India, China and Egypt use light to treat skin disease 400 BC Greeks use Heliotherapy (whole body light exposure) 1900 Hematoporphyrin discovered 1975 RPCI reports first cancer cure using PDT 1980-1985 Laser technology advances PDT 1993 Photofrin licensed as first photosensitizer for Basal cell cancer

  15. Absorption Spectrometer Light Negative Positive Current Technologies in Harnessing Light for Healthcare Diagnostics Digital Finger Pulse Oximeter Pregnancy Test Flow Cytometry

  16. UB-ILPB Biophotonics Research Program Laser Tissue Engineering Laser Tweezers and Scissors Bioimaging Biosensors Harnessing Light for Healthcare: Biophotonics Optical Diagnostics Optical Activation and Monitoring of Therapy

  17. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Unique properties at nanoscale Multimodality/ Multiplexibility NANOTECHNOLOGY: Impact on Health Care Targeted delivery Controlled release

  18. Nanomedicine – New Era in Personalized Medicine The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu In Vivo Diagnostics In Vitro Diagnostics NANOMEDICINE Applications Nanotherapeutics drug/gene delivery Theranostics: ‘see and treat’

  19. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Aging Obesity Infectious Diseases Current and Future Health Care Challenges Genetic Disorders Cancer Addictions

  20. TORCH* Infections HIV, HPV, Hepatitis B Nanotechnology-based In Vitro Diagnostics Malaria Meningitis Tuberculosis Influenza (Swine Flu) *TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (eg. Chicken pox, human parvovirus), Rubella, Cytomegaloviruse, Herpes simplex virus or HIV Our approach: Quantum Dot Nanoprobes for protein detection using microbead capture with flow cytometry Collaboration with Center for Disease Control, Atlanta

  21. Optical Gd-doped Nanophosphor MRI Gd-doped Nanophosphor PET 124I labeled-ORMOSIL SPECT/CT 125I labeled-ORMOSIL The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu In-Vivo Diagnostics Multimodal Nanoplatforms for Medical Imaging M. Nyk, P.N.Prasad et al, Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11):3834; R. Kumar, P.N.Prasad et al. Avd. Func. Mater. (In Press, 2008)

  22. Magnetic therapy Breast & Oral cancer Chemotherapy Gene Therapy Head & Neck, Lung cancer Pancreatic, Prostate cancer Nanoclinic US patent No. 6,514,481 With Anirban Maitra, M.D Johns Hopkins Univ. Medicine With Uttam Sinha, M.D. Univ. of Southern California Photodynamic therapy Neutron capture therapy Cervical, skin cancer Brain, prostate cancer With Ravi K Pandey, Ph.D. Roswell Park Cancer Institute With McMaster Univ. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Cancer nanotechnology Targeted delivery ● Controlled release ● Multimodal therapy ● Real time monitoring

  23. Lung Injury Increase gene expression after injury to prevent secondary bacteria infection Huntingtons Disease Generation of mouse model using gene insertion Drug Addiction Gene silencing of signaling cascade involved in addiction process Chronic Pain Gene silencing of neuron signaling pathways involved in chronic pain Infectious Disease Gene silencing to modulate primary influenza infection and secondary bacteria pneumonia Stroke Stimulation of neuron repair/replacement (neurogenesis) using gene upregulation Obesity Modulation of energy intake using gene silencing Asthma Gene silencing of enzymes causing lung remodeling The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Gene Therapy using ORMOSIL and GNR Nanoparticles

  24. Gene Silencing e.g. Oncogene in Cancer Gene Augmentation e.g. CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu • Gene delivery using nanoparticles • Electrostatic gene condensation • Efficient cellular entry • Non-toxicity • High gene expression/silencing Nanoplex

  25. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu • Communication: • Reconfigurable PhotonicCrystals • 3D Plasmonic Guiding and RoutingNetwork • Processing: • Electro-optic Processing Using Supramolecular Structuresand Nanocomposites • Electrically and Optically SwitchablePhotonic Crystals Nanotechnology For Information Displays (Organic Displays: OLED, PLED) • Storage: • 3D Two-Photon Storage • Holographic Storage

  26. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Rapid in-field and remote monitoring Nanostructured sensor and device platforms Nanotechnology for Environment Nanoparticle based capture platform Nanoporous membrane technology for decontamination and purification

  27. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Rapid in-field and remote detection Nanostructured sensor platforms Rapid dissemination of information Nanotechnology for Chem/Bio Defense Nanostructured capture and detoxification platform Nanomedicine basedrapid medical response

  28. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Nanotechnology • A new Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Frontier • Ripe for Technological Innovation and Commercial Opportunities • Destined to create Immense Societal Impact

  29. The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu Acknowledgements • Prof. A.Cartwright • Dr. K.Tramposch • Dr. E.J. Bergey • Dr. G.S.He • Dr. H. Pudavar • Dr. K.T. Yong • Dr. T. Ohulchanskyy • Dr. I. Roy • Dr. S. Kim • Mr. J. Qian • Dr. H. Ding • Dr. A. Kachynski • Dr. A. Kuzmin • Dr. A. Pliss • Dr. A. Bonoiu • Dr. D. Bharali • Dr. R.Kumar • Dr. S. Mahajan • Dr. J.W. Seo • Mr. S.J. Kim • Mr. S.S. Kim • Outside Collaborators • Prof. R. Pandey • Prof. A. Oseroff • Prof. M. Stachowiak • Prof. K.S. Lee • Prof. M. Samoc • Prof. P. Knight • Dr. P. Wallace • Dr. A. Maitra • Dr. S. Schwartz • Dr. U. Sinha • Dr. R. Masood AFSOR (Dr. Charles Lee) National Cancer Institute National Science Foundation AFRL (Dr. Augustine Urbas) OISHEI FOUNDATION

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