Post World War II Developments

1. Post World War IIDevelopments Lesson 23 SS8H10.a,b,c

2. SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970. • a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.   • b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.   • c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall. • EQ: What were the developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970? How did they impact Georgia?

3. Georgia remained a farming state until after World War II, which ended in 1945. • The number of people living in the country remained around 2 million from 1920-1960. By 1990, however, the percentage of people living in the country would drop to only a quarter of those in Georgia. • Georgia cities had begun to grow. Today less than 2% of Georgians are involved with farms. • Most of Georgia’s farms sell less than $10,000in products a year.

4. 1940-1950 the yearly income went from 300 to 1,000. • Farmers had access to tractors, harvesting machines, refrigerated trucks and new chemicals to control weeds. • 10% of farmers grew cotton. • Peanuts made more money

5. William B. Hartsfield(1890-1971) • William B. Hartsfield served as mayor of Atlanta for longer than any other mayor in the city’s history—six terms, from 1937-1961. • During his tenure, Atlanta’s population multiplied by ten times—from 100,000 to 1 million. • In regard to the laws governing people of color, Hartsfield promoted the idea of Atlanta as a “City Too Busy to Hate”.

6. Hartsfield, cont. • Hartsfield’s political career began at the age of 32, when he was elected to the Atlanta City Council. • There he worked to build Atlanta’s aviation industry. • At the time he began his campaign, in the 1920s, people did not yet fly for travel as they do today. • In 1928, he was named Atlanta’s “father of aviation” by the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce.

7. 1924: Hartsfield ran for the Georgia House of Representatives, but lost. • 1932: He ran again and was elected to represent Fulton County. • 1936: He was elected Atlanta’s Mayor. • The Great Depression had hurt Atlanta’s economy, Hartsfield secured donations from Coca-Cola, and his strict budgeting helped the city recover by 1938.

8. Hartsfield was defeated as mayor in 1940. However, when the U.S. joined World War II in 1941, the current mayor joined the military. A special election was held in 1942 and Hartsfield won again. He was elected for four more elections. • In 1952, Atlanta tripled its size from 37 to 128 square miles, adding 100,000 people to its population. • In 1961, Hartsfield choose not to run for office again. • Hartsfield died in 1971, and the Atlanta airport was renamed in his honor.

10. COME FLY THE FRIENDLY SKIES • Atlanta became the home base for Delta Air Lines • Interstate System was developed between 1950-1960 • MARTA: Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority: 1960

11. Ivan Allen, Jr.(1911-2003) • Ivan Allen, Jr. served in World War II. Then, he worked for the governor and his fathers business. • When Hartsfield left office, he won and served as mayor from 1962-1970. People credit him with keeping peace during the civil rights movement. • As mayor, Allen was liberal. Allen’s first act was to have signs like “White Only” over water fountains removed from City Hall. • Allen also ended the rule that Black police officers could not arrest a white person and the blacks could not be firefighters.

12. Ivan Allen, Jr. cont. • Allen worked with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. • Allen was the only politician from the South to speak in favor of the Civil Rights Act in the U.S. Congress. • By 1964, Allen was able to bring desegregation to all public facilities in Atlanta.

13. Unfortunately, Allen was the mayor during the construction of a concrete wall intended to keep black people away from a white area. • This incident was called the Peyton Road Affair. The wall was later found to be unconstitutional and was torn down. • Allen worked to bring the Atlanta Braves to the city. He worked to build the Atlanta Stadium for a team and then convinced the team to move to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He also helped bring major league football and basketball teams to the city in the late 1960s.

14. Who was the mayor of Atlanta for the longest terms? • What does MARTA stand for? • Name 2 inventions that helped southern farmers. • What crop was more profitable in 1945-1960? • Who was the father of aviation? • Hartsfield is home of what major airline company?

15. 7. Who ended the rule that a black police officer could not arrest a white person? 8. Name 1 more good thing he did to help segregation. 9. What was the Peyton Road Affair? 10. What team did Allen bring to Atlanta?

16. Sidney Lanier: Ga Author The Marshes of Glynn

17. James Brown • “Godfather of Soul” • “I Feel Good” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzlpTRNIAvc

18. Otis Redding “Sittin’ on the Dock Of the Bay” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nA18g_PwG0

19. Ray Charles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ec6nFs3kRZQ “Georgia on my Mind”

20. Brenda Lee “I’M Sorry” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiGPQVUJqq0

21. Gladys Knight “I Heard it through The Grapevine” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tf2gEA40Elg

22. Little Richard “Tutti Fruitti” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVWm9PQeYtE

23. Atlanta Braves • When the Braves moved to Atlanta, they were the first professional sports team to be located in the South. • In 1966, the Braves played its first season and in 1969, they won the Western Division of the National League. • One player, Hank Aaron, set the 1974 record for the most homeruns. • In 1976, Ted Turner bought the Braves. Turner owned a cable network and wanted to play the team’s games on his channel. This was the beginning of a well known television station, TBS.

24. Through the 1980s, the Braves continued to play poorly. In 1991, the team hired new players and the season ended with the team winning the Western Division title. • Through the early 1990s, the number of fans attending games rocketed to 3 million. • Finally, in 1995, the Braves won the World Series. It was the first national title for a Georgia team. • The Braves made it to the World Series two more times, in 1996 and 1999. Both times they lost to the New York Yankees.

25. Atlanta Falcons • In 1965, the Atlanta Falcons football team joined the NFL. Rankin M. Smith of the Life Insurance Company of Georgia purchased the team for $8.5 million. • Like the Braves, the Falcons played their first game in 1966, at the Atlanta Stadium. • Throughout the 1970s the team was not strong, but in 1977, the team began to improve. • In 1998, they played in the Super Bowl, but lost. Since then, the team has continued to struggle for wins. • Today, Arthur Blank and Rich McKay of The Home Depot own the Falcons.

27. Atlanta Hawks • The Hawks are an NBA team that moved to Atlanta in 1968 from St. Louis, Missouri. They play at the Philips Arena. • Georgia real estate developer Thomas Cousin and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders purchased the team for Atlanta. • In 1977, Ted Turner purchased the team and in 1980, the team won the Central Division Title. • The team is currently owned by Atlanta Spirit, a company with nine owners that also controls the Philips Arena. • The Hawks are currently coached by Mike Woodson, the team’s tenth head coach since they moved to Atlanta in 1968.

29. Atlanta Thrashers • The Atlanta Thrashers is a hockey team that plays in the NHL. • The Thrashers came to Atlanta in 1999, when it was purchased by Ted Turner. • Today, Atlanta Spirit owns the team. Atlanta Spirit bought the Hawks, Thrashers and Philips Arena for $250 million. • The Thrasher have yet to have a winning season, but are very active in community service.

31. Ellis Arnall(1907-1992) • Arnall served as governor of Georgia from 1943-1947. During this time, Arnall aggressively reformed Georgia government and paid off the state debt. • He was elected to represent Coweta County in the Georgia House of Representatives when he was just 25 years old. • At 31, he was appointed Attorney General of the state, the youngest in the country at that time.

32. In 1942, at 35 years old, Arnall defeated Eugene Talmadge and became governor, also the youngest in the nation. • Arnall worked to bring progressive reform to the state. • He worked to restore accreditation to Georgia’s Universities. He also reformed the state prisons, tax system, and lowered the state’s voting age. • Arnall also backed an unpopular liberal in the 1944 presidential election. • Arnall’s reforms also allowed black voters to vote in the state’s white-only primary elections. Courts had already ruled that such primaries were unconstitutional. Other states were avoiding enforcing this rule, but Arnall did not. • Eugene Talmadge unseated Arnall in the next governor’s race.

33. SS8H10 A,B,C QUIZ • 1. Which statement BEST explains William B. Hartsfield’s importance on planes? • A. William Hartsfield enjoyed riding on planes. • B. William Hartsfield was afraid to fly. • C. William Hartsfield worked to make planes safer. • D. William Hartsfield was the father of aviation in Georgia. • 2. Which statement BEST explains Ellis Arnall’s political point of view? • A. He was a conservative. • B. He was not a politician. • C. He was a progressive reformer. • D. He was the founder of the progressive movement. • 3. Which even brought the only national championship win in Georgia’s professional • sports? • A. The World Series of 1995 • B. The Super Bowl of 1974 • C. The NBA Championships of 1998 • D. The Rose Bowl of 1983 • 4. Ted Turner has owned: • A. The Braves and the Falcons • B. The Falcons and the Hawks • C. The Braves and the Hawks • D. The Falcons and the Thrashers