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Cell Theory

Cell Theory. Review. Characteristics of living things. Review. Living things - Are made up of units called cells. Reproduce. Are based on a universal genetic code (DNA) . Grow and develop. Obtain and use materials and energy. Respond to their environment.

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Cell Theory

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  1. Cell Theory

  2. Review Characteristics of living things.

  3. Review Living things - • Are made up of units called cells. • Reproduce. • Are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). • Grow and develop. • Obtain and use materials and energy. • Respond to their environment. • Maintain a stable internal environment. • When taken as a group, change over time.

  4. Review Living things - Cells Reproduce Genetic code Grow Materials and energy Respond to Environment Stable internal environment Change over time.

  5. Review • Microscopes Light Microscopes Light that passes through specimen. Electron Microscopes Use beams of electrons to produce images.

  6. Tool for biologists • Pronunciation of vocabulary • www.howjsay.com

  7. Most cells are too small to be seen with unaided eye. • Before 17th century, no one knew cells existed.

  8. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • 1632 - 1723 • Dutch scientist • (Holland) • Made 1st hand-held microscope • Observed microscopic organisms in pond water

  9. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  10. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  11. Robert Hooke • 1635 - 1703 • Englishman • developed an improved microscope • observed small organisms • 1665 - noted box-like structures in thin slice of cork • viewed plant cell walls • called cells • reminded him of sleeping rooms in monasteries

  12. Robert Hooke

  13. Robert Hooke

  14. Robert Hooke • Made drawings of his observations • Drawing of cork - plant cell walls • Published drawings in Micrographia in 1665

  15. Robert Brown • 1773 - 1858 • Scottish botanist • discovered cell nucleus

  16. Matthias Shleiden • 1814 - 1881 • German • Studied plant structure under microscope • Proposed that all plants composed of cells • Co-founder of Cell Theory

  17. Theador Schwann • 1810 - 1882 • Examined animal tissue • Observed structures similar to what Shleiden observed in plants • Stated that all living things were made of cells • Co-founder of Cell Theory

  18. Rudolf Virchow • 1821 - 1902 • German • doctor • showed that cells are result of division of preexisting cells

  19. Rudolf Virchow • Virchow’s idea contradicted the idea of spontaneous generation (idea that nonliving things could give rise to organisms) • Also, developed a standard method of autopsy that is still used today

  20. Cell Theory The combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow is known as the Cell Theory.

  21. What were their contributions to Cell Theory? • Shleiden • Schwann • Virchow

  22. What were their contributions to Cell Theory? • Shleiden - All plants composed of cells • Schwann - All living things composed of cells • Virchow - Cells are result of division of preexisting cells

  23. Three Basic Principles of Cell Theory A. All living things are made of one or more cells. B. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things. C. Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

  24. Two groups of cells Cells can be divided into two groups: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

  25. Prokaryotes Pro = before Karyote = kernel or nucleus A. . Do not have a nucleus B. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells C. Have genetic material (but it is not contained in nucleus) D. Carry out all activities of living things. E. Example - bacteria

  26. Eukaryoteseu = true karyote = kernal or nucleus A. Have a true nucleus • Generally larger and more complex cells • Have genetic material in nucleus • Some are uni-cellular organisms Others multi-cellular organisms E. Examples - plants, animals, fungi, protists

  27. Plantae (plants)

  28. Plantae (plants)

  29. Animalia (animals)

  30. Animalia (animals)

  31. Fungi

  32. Fungi

  33. Protists (green Algae)

  34. Protists (seaweed)

  35. Review • Major differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells

  36. Video

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