From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs

1. From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs 8th JPO Workshop – 23 to 27 January 2006 Decentralized Governance and Development Dakar, Senegal Presentation by Luigi N. Tessiore, Decentralization & Local Governance Policy Advisor Western & Central African Sub-Regional Resource Facility UNDP a few ideas for discussion

2. The Paradigm of Decentralization JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

3. THE UNDP’S ONE GOAL Poverty Alleviation = Measurable indicators (MDGs) JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

4. What is “good local governance”? An institutional system for managing public affairs characterized by 3 dimensions a definition within the frame of a theory of the state P • Fiscal effort (allocative and operational); • Delivery of economic & social services; • Protection of environment and NR; • Promotion of economic development; erformance • Organized and private citizen in public sector decision-making • Mechanisms supplementing and enhancing the functioning of the institutional democratic representation; P articipation • Between Local Authorities, CSOs and Private Sector; • Provision & production of local collective goods & services; P artnership JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

5. What is a “local government”? A sub-national institutional system for managing local public affairs with 3 different capacities • Institutional democratic representation, • Participative Public decision-making, • Electoral, accountability mechanisms, • Local strategies and dialogue development P olitical • Planning public investments based on local priorities, • Programming local development goals, • Provision & production of local collective goods & services, • Administration of public resources. A dministrative F • Fiscal effort (allocative and operational); • Identification of Local revenues, • Accountable use of local revenues, iscal JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

6. What are the duties of a “local government”? Duties = Legal attributions = Resources made available • Principles? = different according to the degree of autonomy awarded by the national legislation. • Practice? = different according to national legislations. • What works? = decentralize competencies, decisions and resources based on comparative advantage of each level (performance) JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

7. Essential duties of “local government” Duties = Legal attributions = resources made availablePrinciples: SUBSIDIARITY & PROXIMITY • Primary Education, • Primary Health Care, • Potable water & Sanitation, Social Services • Public transport, road networks, • Water, sewage, other public utilities, • Etc. Infrastructures • Licenses, permits, • Civil registry, • Certificates, ID, Administrative Services • Support, partnership with Private Sector, • NR protection, valorization, • Economic and social welfare, • Land management. Local Development JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

8. LOCAL GOVERNANCE When we have REAL Local Governance?De-concentrationVERSUSDe-centralization 3 items JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

9. Administrative De-concentration JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

10. De-centralization JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

11. Local Horizontal accountability JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

12. LOCAL GOVERNANCE Why we should support LGin Post-Conflicts Recovery? 2 items JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

13. Local Governance approach to post conflict recovery • reconstruction of local polities as an integral part of the process of reconstructing the State. • interdependence of the local and the central in the process of reconstructing states P olitical • comparative advantages of local authorities in the post-conflict efforts towards social reintegration and economic recovery at the local level. • Possibility to realize allocative and operational efficiency gains in the use of scarce public sector resources D evelopmental JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

14. LOCAL GOVERNANCE Most urgent areas of support (build local government capacity) Pilot test – experimentation(before the reform) 3 items JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

15. What areas of support to LG NOW? 1. Local Government financing set up of a mechanism for fiscal transfer providing local authorities with a minimum of regular and locally programmable resources for both recovery and development spending 2. Local government planning and budgeting. simple, participatory procedure for strategic planning, investment programming and annual budgeting, will make meaningful the reintegration of population in the local economy 3. Local Government implementation. the resources available for local level infrastructure and services delivery should be channelled via LG in stead of continue to flow through national/sector channels and/or managed by central agencies (including specialized ones like the WB-supported Social Funds) JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

16. Supra-local level Rural Development Community grouping District/Village Community PREFECTURE PDC level Approval of PDCC C Participatory identification of projects Project Selection PIL level Sectorial technical visa Participatory identification of Project PIL approval Budget approval BCA level Approval of supervisors Technical mounting of projects E Project implementation Follow-up & evaluation of PDC The process of local planning Data A Collection on CRD Participatory Identification Planning Workshop Problems, resources & projects Participatory Diagonisis B Elaboration and submission of PDC D Budget preparation Specification convention agreements Definition of financial and material contribution Projrct level Management and maintenance of infrastructure Comité de gestion JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

17. Revenues cycle JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

18. LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 1 JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

19. LOCAL GOVERNANCE Reform’ concrete immediate challenges (build local government capacity for local development and poverty alleviation) Key elements for the reform: proposed elements & issues from Mr Weh-Dorliae book 3 items JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

20. Political LOCAL GOVERNANCE • How many LG tiers?? County/District??? • Segregation of powers @ every level (NOT only County Level) • Elected Legislative body • Elected Governor (chief executive) • What role for Traditional Chiefs (is integration possible?) • Keep Judiciary centralized (peace judge?? @ local level) • Separate County civil service from Central Civil service • Accountability in county government expenditures JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

21. Administrative LOCAL GOVERNANCE • Consolidate territorial administrative organization • How many LG tiers?? County/District??? • Segregation of powers @ County Level • Separate County civil service JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

22. Fiscal & Financial LOCAL GOVERNANCE • Segregation of powers @ County Level • Autonomous County Budget • Revenues sharing (method & criteria for revenues transfer) • Allocate taxes to County Government (property, etc.) • Accountability in county government expenditures (method: particiatory planning and budgeting) JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

23. LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 2 JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

24. LOCAL GOVERNANCE What we need for “good local governance for development”The specificity of local 3 items JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

25. JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

26. JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

27. Are we going towards poverty alleviation? JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

28. LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 3 JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

29. The Virtuous Circle of Local Development JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

30. Local Strategy JPO WorkshopDakar 2006