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Introduction to Animal Evolution

Introduction to Animal Evolution. AP Biology Mrs. King. What is an animal? Structure Nutrition Life history. Two Views of Animal Diversity Phylogenic trees Origins of Animal Diversity Plyla Classification. Topics of Discussion. multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic

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Introduction to Animal Evolution

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  1. Introduction to Animal Evolution AP Biology Mrs. King

  2. What is an animal? Structure Nutrition Life history Two Views of Animal Diversity Phylogenic trees Origins of Animal Diversity Plyla Classification Topics of Discussion

  3. multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic ingestion feeder stores glycogen no cell walls nervous system muscle system sexual flagellated sperm dominant diploid Animals

  4. Mollusca Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata There are more than 35 phyla in all These nine comprise bulk of kingdom Most well known phyla kingdom Animalia

  5. http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/resources/activity3.pdf

  6. Early embryonic development

  7. Early embryonic development

  8. Early embryonic development

  9. One hypothesis for the origin of animals from a flagellated protist

  10. Diversified during Precambrian and Cambrian periods Parazoans first branch lack true tissues Eumetazoa Radiata and bilateria (two major branches) Evolution of body cavities Monophyletic Protostomes and deuterostomes Based on body-plan grades Overview of Animal Diversity and Phylogeny

  11. A traditional view of animal diversity based on body-plan gradesDashed lines: relationships unresolved based on anatomy and embryology

  12. Parazoa- Eumetazoa Dichotomy Section 26-2 Sponge (phylum Porifrea) Water flow Osculum Choanocyte Central cavity Pores Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte Simple body plan • Lack true tissues • Unique development and structural simplicity which separates them from the rest of the animal phyla

  13. Two major branches: Radiata radial symmetry top and bottom no front, back, or sides diploblastic larva Bilateria bilateral symmetry Triploblastic cephalization Eumetazoa

  14.  Body Symmetry Section 26-1 Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry Posterior end Dorsal side Anterior end Ventral side Plane ofsymmetry Planes ofsymmetry

  15. Acoelomates Triploblastic: solid body no body cavity between digestive tract & outer body wall Platyhelminthes Pseudocoelomates fluid filled body cavity, partially lined with mesoderm – tube within a tube Nematoda Rotifera Coelomates True coelum-fluid filled, completely lined with mesoderm Annelida Coelom body cavity that protects internal organs Importance of Coelom

  16. Body plans of the bilateria • Acoelomate • Pseudocoelomate • Coelomate

  17. Protostomes: Mollusks, Annelids, Arthropods Spiral cleavage Determinate cleavage Blastopore forms the mouth Deuterostomes: Echinoderms and Chordates Radial cleavage Indeterminate cleavage Blastopore forms the anus Protostomes and Deuterostomescoelomates

  18. A comparison of early development in protostomes and deuterostomesFill out Phylogenetic chart

  19. Animal phylogeny based on sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA)

  20. Comparing the molecular based and grade-based trees of animal phylogeny

  21. A sample of some of the animals that evolved during the Cambrian explosion

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