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What is an Ecosystem?

An ecosystem is made up of the interactions among the populations in a community and the physical surroundings. What is an Ecosystem?. Community –groups of species that live in the same habitat & interact with each other. What are Limiting Factors?.

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What is an Ecosystem?

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  1. An ecosystem is made up of the interactions among the populations in a community and the physical surroundings. What is an Ecosystem? Community –groups of species that live in the same habitat & interact with each other

  2. What are Limiting Factors?

  3. What factors would limit these ecosystems?

  4. TWO Kinds of Factors 1. Abiotic Factors Wind & Air Currents Temperature Abiotic = NON-living Moisture Rocks & Soil Light

  5. 2. Biotic Factors TWO Kinds of Factors Biotic = Living

  6. Biodiversity – why does it matter? • Importance to nature • Importance to YOU! • Oxygen • Diet • Medicines

  7. Threats to Biodiversity • Habitat Loss • Habitat Fragmentation • Biotic Issues • Abiotic Issues • Habitat Degradation • Water Pollution • Land Pollution • Invasive Species

  8. What is Succession & what causes it? Changes to a community Biotic & Abiotic Factors

  9. Primary Succession Growth that occurs in areas where plants have NOT grown before Ex: volcano, receding glacier

  10. Secondary Succession Starts with an event to an already established ecosystem (forest fire, harvesting, hurricane) Then, growth occurs on that pre-existing soil

  11. Pioneer Species • Species that colonize barren habitats • Lichens - small plants with brief life cycles • Improve conditions for other species who then replace them

  12. The Trend of Succession Pioneer Stage       Climax Community

  13. Auto vs. Hetero • Troph refers to food. • Auto means – self • Hetero means – other • Autotroph = self feeder (makes its own) • Heterotroph = eats others for food • Autotroph = producer • Heterotroph = consumer Autotroph Heterotroph

  14. CarnivoreHerbivoreOmnivore • Omni means “all”. • So, what is an omnivore? • Yeah, we eat it ALL!

  15. Scavengers • Don’t kill for food - they just eat what has already died or been killed. • Vultures • Buzzards • Ants • Beetles  They eat roadkill!

  16. Detritovores (Decomposers) • Break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms. • Bacteria • Fungi • Some protozoans

  17. Energy and Trophic Levels What is this called?

  18. Food Chain • Illustrates how matter and energy move through an ecosystem. • Arrows show direction that energy is transferred.

  19. Food Web Just a bunch of food chains

  20. Food Web Lab Activity

  21. They can become very complex!

  22. Energy Pyramid

  23. Energy Pyramids = ONE way path…NOT a cycle! • Shows how much energy flows into each trophic (energy) level in a given time. • Always pyramidal (energy cannot be created!) • Always shallow since the energy transfer from one level to the next is very inefficient (only 10% flows from one energy level to the next). • The energy released in the transfer is eventually lostasheat!

  24. On a need 2 know basis… • Ecosystem • Community • Abiotic & Biotic Factors • Pioneer Species • Succession • Primary & secondary • Food Chains & Webs • Autotroph (producer) & heterotroph (consumer) • Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, scavenger, detritovore (decomposer) • Pyramids • Energy & Biomass

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