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RISC & Parallel Processing Week 14

RISC & Parallel Processing Week 14. Computer Architecture. Review Keywords & Concepts. English words & ideas you must know: Micro-Operation Timing considerations Synchronizations Gate delays Processor control signals Interrupt processing Internal CPU BUS. What we will learn today.

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RISC & Parallel Processing Week 14

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  1. RISC & Parallel Processing Week 14 Computer Architecture Computer Architecture

  2. Review Keywords & Concepts • English words & ideas you must know: • Micro-Operation • Timing considerations • Synchronizations • Gate delays • Processor control signals • Interrupt processing • Internal CPU BUS Computer Architecture

  3. What we will learn today • Collect Homework • RISC • Concepts • CISC vs RISC • Parallel Processing • Types of Parallel Processing • Symmetric Multiprocessors • Clusters • Review Computer Architecture

  4. Why CISC vs. RISC • Chips getting bigger & bigger • Requiring more & more power • Not being used effectively (poor cost / value) • Difficult to optimize • Speed limitations Computer Architecture

  5. CISC • Complex Instruction Set Computer • Instruction set (machine language) is complex • Large variation in instruction sizes • Large variation in instruction execution times • Many specialized instructions • Many special instructions seldom used • IBM 370, DEC VAX, Intel 80486 Computer Architecture

  6. RISC • Reduced Instruction Set Computer • Limited and simple instruction set • Large number of general purpose registers • Emphasis on optimizing instruction pipeline • Sun SPAEC, MIPS R4000 Computer Architecture

  7. CISC vs. RISC • CISC • Some instructions are used with very high frequency • Some instructions are used with very low frequency • Design of chip is expensive & complex • There is limited ‘real estate’ on a chip! • There is limited power available to chip! • NOTE: • higher power  MORE heat!!! (more electricity) • more heat  more cooling fans, heat sinks, etc Computer Architecture

  8. CISC vs. RISC • RISC is an effort to simplify a CPU chip • Only implement frequently used instructions • Uses simpler addressing mode(s) • Less complex chip so easier to design • Has more registers • Easier to optimize hardware & software • Requires less power / less cooling • Chips can be physically smaller • Faster to design  less time between generations Computer Architecture

  9. Parallel Processing • Problem(s) too difficult for 1 computer (CPU) • Either too much data or too much computation • Spread processing across more then 1 CPU Computer Architecture

  10. Simple example • Today’s computers (i.e. Intel based PC) • Main processor (Intel Pentium) • GPU – Graphics Processing Unit ( graphics card) • Intelligent I/O devices • Network card (has CPU) • Disk (HD’s, CD-ROM’s, DVD’s) Controllers (has CPU) • UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) Computer Architecture

  11. Types of Parallel Processing • SISD – Single Instruction , Single Data • SIMD – Single Instruction, Multiple Data • MISD – Multiple Instruction, Single Data • MIMD – Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data Computer Architecture

  12. Processor Organization • SISD • Single processor • SIMD • Vector processor • Array processor • MISD • MIMD • Shared memory (tightly coupled) • SMP – Symmetric Multi-Processor • NUMA – Non-uniform memory Access • Distributed memory (loosely coupled) • Cluster Computer Architecture

  13. Clusters • Provides high performance • Provides high reliability • Cost effective • Easy to expand • Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous • Not good for ALL problems! Computer Architecture

  14. Big Quiz Thursday, July 21 4:20 – 5:50 Review Weeks 1 - 13 Computer Architecture

  15. HomeworkWeek 14 Study!!For BIG QUIZ! Computer Architecture

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