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Ward Jewell Wichita State University

Lightning Protection: A Stroke of Luck? Theory and Application: Customer Side Low Voltage Systems. APPA 2005 ENGINEERING & OPERATIONS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE April 18, 2005. Ward Jewell Wichita State University. Power Systems Engineering Research Center.

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Ward Jewell Wichita State University

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  1. Lightning Protection: A Stroke of Luck?Theory and Application: Customer Side Low Voltage Systems APPA 2005 ENGINEERING & OPERATIONS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE April 18, 2005 Ward Jewell Wichita State University Power Systems Engineering Research Center

  2. TV station$50k damage every year Transmitter

  3. Transmitter

  4. Lightning will strike • Lightning rods may help prevent burn damage to structures • Other devices may reduce number of strikes But…lightning will strike

  5. Transmitter

  6. Transmitter

  7. Poor tower ground Transmitter

  8. Poor Tower Ground Transmitter bends

  9. Poor Tower Ground bolted connections Transmitter

  10. Poor Tower Ground Transmitter

  11. high voltage Can we insulate? Transmitter

  12. Can we insulate? ~1,000,000 V Transmitter

  13. Can we insulate?NO!voltage is too high ~1,000,000 V Transmitter

  14. Lightning will flow to earth.Insulation will not stop it.Keep it away from sensitive equipmentby giving it other paths to earth.

  15. Improve tower ground One ground rod close to each leg Transmitter

  16. Improve tower ground Exothermic weld (cadweld) conductors from tower to rods Transmitter

  17. Improve tower ground Transmitter

  18. Transmitter high voltage

  19. Transmitter

  20. Bond tower grounds to building grounds Transmitter

  21. Bond all grounds to service entrance ground Transmitter

  22. high voltage Transmitter

  23. Transmitter

  24. Bond cable shield to tower Transmitter

  25. high voltage Transmitter

  26. Bond cable shield to building steel Transmitter

  27. Surge suppression: everywhere a conductor enters the facility: secondary surge arrestors Transmitter

  28. Surge suppression: everywhere a conductor enters the facility: secondary surge arrestors Transmitter

  29. Surge suppression: at sensitive equipment: transient voltage surge suppressors (UL 1449 listed) Transmitter

  30. Provide all possible safe paths to earth; place surge suppression at the others Bond cable shield to tower building steel Surge Suppression Improve tower ground Transmitter Bond all grounds to service entrance

  31. Or, even better, move all conductor entrances to one location at ground level, through grounded copper bulkhead. Move service entrance to ground Transmitter

  32. Lightning Protection: Customer Side Low Voltage Systems • Lightning will strike • rods or other devices will not stop all strikes • Lightning will flow to earth • insulation will not stop it • Keep it away from sensitive equipment • Provide safe paths to earth • Bond all grounds • Use arrestors and suppressors • service entrance arrestors • sensitive equipment suppressors

  33. ward.jewell@wichita.edu APPA 2005 ENGINEERING & OPERATIONS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE April 18, 2005 pserc.org

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