THE BRITISH LIBRARY

1. THE BRITISH LIBRARY Open Access Institutional Repositories – Leadership, Direction & LaunchJanuary 26, 2005

2. AGENDA • Conclusion • British Library’s Role In Research • Information Chain, Trends & Open Access • British Library Open Access Projects • Conclusion Revisited

3. CONCLUSION • BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information • Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing • We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories • The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing • We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation

4. AGENDA • Conclusion • British Library’s Role In Research • Information Chain, Trends & Open Access • British Library Open Access Projects • Conclusion Revisited

5. THE 10-YEAR SCIENCE & INNOVATION INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK – E-INFRASTRUCTURE “The growing UK research base must have ready and efficient access to information of all kinds…This is the life blood of research and innovation. The Government will therefore work with interested funders and stakeholders to consider the national e-infrastructure (hardware, networks, communications technology) necessary to deliver an effective system. These funders and stakeholders include the British Library, which plays an important role in supporting scientific research and potential, including providing benefits to smaller business in the UK through access to science, engineering and technology information sources” Science & Innovation investment framework 2004-2014

6. THE BRITISH LIBRARY • Accommodation for >1200 readers at St Pancras and the largest document supply service in the world National library of the UK, established by the British Library Act 1972 • Generates value to the UK economy each year of 4.4 times public funding Renowned internationally as one of the world’s leading research libraries Over 250 years of collecting. Beneficiary of legal deposit, and £14.9m annual acquisitions budget. ~150m items in many formats • Receives £85m a year in Grant-in-aid from DCMS; earned annual trading income in 2002/03 of £27m Helping people advance knowledge to enrich lives • Serves researchers, business, libraries, education and the general public • 63% of users are academics. 80% of the UK’s top R&D companies are BL customers

7. UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY • The British Library is the only organisation with a statutory public good remit to collect, preserve and provide long-term access to research information for the whole of the UK • We are guardians of the scientific intellectual property generated by others – we do not generate intellectual property • Have by far the largest collection of information in UK, reflecting 250 years of unbroken collecting • Beneficiary of UK legal deposit and UK’s biggest purchaser of material • Collect all published formats, including both print and digital. In addition to journals and books, have largest collection of patents, conference proceedings and theses in world • Collect from all types of sources from UK and overseas, including commercial publishers, non-profit learned societies etc • Collect across all disciplines, including Science/Technology/Medicine, Social Sciences, and Arts & Humanities • Unparalleled range of information services including: • World’s largest remote supplier of research material • Through reading rooms provide unparalleled access to breadth of resources, including print and digital sources Remit Collection Services

8. AGENDA • Conclusion • British Library’s Role In Research • Information Chain, Trends & Open Access • British Library Open Access Projects • Conclusion Revisited

9. Knowledge creation Certification/ peer review Rights manage-ment Submission and accreditation Enabling resource discovery Production Enabling access Dissemin-ation Aggregation Resource usage Research THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role • Publishers • Printers • Database managers • Researchers • Researchers • Publishers • Referees (expert researchers) • Publishers • Intermediaries • Libraries • Intermediaries (e.g., e-communities) • Booksellers Interpret-ation Storage & preservation • National libraries • Library consortia • A&I services • Intermediaries (e.g., Google) • Libraries • Libraries • Publishers • Intermediaries • DRM software cos. • Libraries • Publishers • Intermed-iaries • Researchers • Libraries (curators) • Education organisations • Researchers • Research services • Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

10. Aggregation AGGREGATION - TRENDS Science and Engineering Indicators 2002 National Science Foundation

11. Aggregation AGGREGATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Where/Who Do We Collect From? • Institutional Repositories • Discipline Based Repositories • Open Access Journals • Traditional Publishers • Authentic Copy & Duplication • Preprints • Author Versions • Persistent Identifiers For Open Access Resources? • What Should We Collect? • Text • Data • Other Media

12. Knowledge creation Certification/ peer review Rights manage-ment Submission and accreditation Enabling resource discovery Production Enabling access Dissemin-ation Aggregation Resource usage Research THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role • Publishers • Printers • Database managers • Researchers • Researchers • Publishers • Referees (expert researchers) • Publishers • Intermediaries • Libraries • Intermediaries (e.g., e-communities) • Booksellers Interpret-ation Storage & preservation • National libraries • Library consortia • A&I services • Intermediaries (e.g., Google) • Libraries • Libraries • Publishers • Intermediaries • DRM software cos. • Libraries • Publishers • Intermed-iaries • Researchers • Libraries (curators) • Education organisations • Researchers • Research services • Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

13. Storage & Preservation STORAGE & PRESERVATION - TRENDS • UC Berkeley School of Information Management & Systems. • New Stored Information Grew 30%/Year Between 1999 and 2002. • 92% Of New Information Is Stored On Magnetic Media • Email Generates 400 Petabytes (10^15) Of New Information Each Year World Computer Disk Storage 1990 – 1999 Michael Lesk

14. Storage & preservation STORAGE & PRESERVATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES • Who Is Responsible For Long Term Preservation & Access? • Funding • Metadata For Long Term Preservation • Migration/Emulation When Necessary • Can Any Quantity Of Material Be Placed In A Repository? • Current Publishing Process Filters Material • Text & Data? • Who Decides, Financial Constraint? • Links To Other Resources • Who Will Maintain Links? • Will Links Persist Over The Long Term? • Trusted Repositories?

15. Knowledge creation Certification/ peer review Rights manage-ment Enabling resource discovery Submission and accreditation Production Enabling access Dissemin-ation Aggregation Resource usage Research THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role • Publishers • Printers • Database managers • Researchers • Researchers • Publishers • Referees (expert researchers) • Publishers • Intermediaries • Libraries • Intermediaries (e.g., e-communities) • Booksellers Interpret-ation Storage, preservation & conserv-ation • National libraries • Library consortia • A&I services • Intermediaries (e.g., Google) • Libraries • Libraries • Publishers • Intermediaries • DRM software cos. • Libraries • Publishers • Intermed-iaries • Researchers • Libraries (curators) • Education organisations • Researchers • Research services • Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

16. Enabling resource discovery ENABLING RESOURCE DISCOVERY - TRENDS • Crossref • Passes 10 Million DOIs in January 2004 • 265 Publishers, 218 Libraries, 36 Vendors Various Sources

17. Enabling resource discovery RESOURCE DISCOVERY – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES • Search • Will Author Provided Metadata Create An Effective Search Experience? • Will Distributed Search Work With Author Provided Metadata? • Can Full Text Be Harvested From Repositories? • Will All Repositories Use The Same Standards, Formats, Retrieval Mechanisms? • Should We Just Use Google? • Links To Find Additional Resources • How Are Links To Other Resources Created And Maintained? • Should These Resources Be Harvested As Well?

18. Knowledge creation Rights manage-ment Certification/ peer review Submission and accreditation Enabling resource discovery Production Enabling access Dissemin-ation Aggregation Resource usage Research THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role • Publishers • Printers • Database managers • Researchers • Researchers • Publishers • Referees (expert researchers) • Publishers • Intermediaries • Libraries • Intermediaries (e.g., e-communities) • Booksellers Interpret-ation Storage, preservation & conserv-ation • National libraries • Library consortia • A&I services • Intermediaries (e.g., Google) • Libraries • Libraries • Publishers • Intermediaries • DRM software cos. • Libraries • Publishers • Intermed-iaries • Researchers • Libraries (curators) • Education organisations • Researchers • Research services • Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

19. Rights manage-ment RIGHTS MANAGEMENT – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES • What Licencing Regime Will Be Used For Institutional Repositories? • Who Owns IP & Can The Content Be Reused? • Text • Data • Do ‘Open-Access’ Sources Always Allow Unfettered Harvesting, Preservation & Access? • Document Supply & Other Secondary Business Models? • Can Open Access Materials Be Redistributed? • Can Operational Costs Be Recovered?

20. Knowledge creation Certification/ peer review Rights manage-ment Submission and accreditation Enabling resource discovery Production Enabling access Dissemin-ation Aggregation Resource usage Research THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS The British Library’s role • Publishers • Printers • Database managers • Researchers • Researchers • Publishers • Referees (expert researchers) • Publishers • Intermediaries • Libraries • Intermediaries (e.g., e-communities) • Booksellers Interpret-ation Storage, preservation & conserv-ation • National libraries • Library consortia • A&I services • Intermediaries (e.g., Google) • Libraries • Libraries • Publishers • Intermediaries • DRM software cos. • Libraries • Publishers • Intermed-iaries • Researchers • Libraries (curators) • Education organisations • Researchers • Research services • Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

21. The future of scientific communication – Andrew Odlzko Enabling access ENABLING ACCESS - TRENDS • Driven By Specialised Knowledge • Better Communication Channels • Researchers Have More Opportunities & Methods To Collaborate • All Disciplines?

22. Enabling access ENABLING ACCESS – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES • Locating Sources • Is There A Comprehensive List Of Institutional Repositories? • Who Maintains? • Should A Distributed Search Service Be Created For These Institutional Repositories? • How Does This Content Relate To Other Repositories & Traditional Publishers? • Should We Create A Persistent Identifier Scheme For Open Access Publications?

23. THE INFORMATION CHAIN – SUMMARY • Open Access Models Still Evolving • It Remains Unclear How Several Parts Of The Information Chain Are Going To Work • More Information Sources Will Likely Give Rise To Less Conformance To Standards • How Are We Going To Create More Structured, Standards Based Resources That Researchers Can Actually Use?

24. AGENDA • Conclusion • British Library’s Role In Research • Information Chain, Trends & Open Access • British Library Open Access Projects • Conclusion Revisited

25. COLLABORTIVE OPEN ACCESS PROJECTS • Sherpa • Repository For The Unaffiliated Researcher • Preserv – Led By Southampton University • To Build and Test an Exemplar OAI-based Preservation Service. • eTheses • Creating a National Resource for Electronic Theses • Digital Preservation Projects • Metadata Projects • Digitisation Projects

26. AGENDA • Conclusion • British Library’s Role In Research • Information Chain, Trends & Open Access • British Library Open Access Projects • Conclusion Revisited

27. CONCLUSION • BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information • Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing • We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories • The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing • We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation