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Making Windows CE Work With Custom Platforms James Y. Wilson

Making Windows CE.net Work With Custom Platforms James Y. Wilson. Brief Biography. Lead software engineer for integration of CE on various custom platforms Various publications on Windows CE system development

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Making Windows CE Work With Custom Platforms James Y. Wilson

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  1. Making Windows CE.net Work With Custom PlatformsJames Y. Wilson

  2. Brief Biography • Lead software engineer for integration of CE on various custom platforms • Various publications on Windows CE system development • Coauthor of “Building Powerful Platforms With Windows CE” published by Addison-Wesley in Q4 1999 • Microsoft Embedded MVP • Developer of Windows 3.x/9x/NT device drivers

  3. Agenda • Introduction to CE • OS Architecture • Steps to adaptation for custom platforms • Tool-chain • Real-time capabilities and limitations • Licensing options

  4. Windows CE (In a Nut Shell) • 32 bit, preemptive, multithreaded • “Real-Time” • Used for implementation of PocketPC devices (PDAs, Phone Edition, SmartPhone devices) • Platform configurations for:

  5. End user apps Viewers (Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Image, and PDF) Inbox Pocket Internet Explorer (PIE) Internet Explorer (based on IE 6.0) Remote Desktop Terminal Emulation VoIP Windows Messenger WordPad MediaPlayer Installers More! Service components C/C++ libraries and runtime (exception handling, RTTI) COM/DCOM Active Template Library .NET CF SNMP LDAP Microsoft Message Queuing MFC OBEX SOAP, XML (HTTP, XQL, XSLT, SAX) SQL Server CE Shells (console, graphical, skinnable, speech) Available Apps and Services

  6. Windows CE Versions • Windows CE 1.0 • Released fall 1996 • Windows CE 2.0 • Released 1997 • 2.01 (service pack for 2.0) • Windows CE 2.1 Upgrade from Windows CE 2.0 • 2.11 Introduced in 1998 • Windows CE 3.0 • Released 2000 • Windows CE.net 4.0 • Released 2002 • Windows CE.net 4.2 • Released 2003

  7. Target Hardware • Minimum hardware requirements • Memory Management Unit for paged virtual memory • Timer • Certified 32 bit processor (ARM cores, MIPS, PPC, SH, x86) • Reference Platforms • Priced from $200 for x86 platform • Provides “Board Support Package” • Many single board computers and reference designs

  8. Remote Connectivity Windows CE Shell Services WIN32 APIs COREDLL, WINSOCK, OLE, COMMCTRL, COMMDLG, WININET, TAPI IrDA Kernel TCP/IP GWES File Manager Device Manager File drivers Drivers Device drivers OAL Bootloader OS Architecture OEM ISV, OEM Microsoft Applications Embedded Shell OEM Hardware

  9. Modular OS • OS divided into .exe/.dll modules (NK.exe contains kernel) • Modules further divided using .lib files • Modules run in Flash (uncompressed) or RAM (compressed in Flash, uncompressed in RAM) • ROM image sizes: • 400K minimum: executive and file system • 1200K: networking (IPv6, RTP, SMB/CIFS, RAS/PPP, WLAN, BT), no graphics • 4MB: +graphics, basic shell • 6MB: +hand writing recognition, etc.

  10. Virtual Address Space FFFF FFFF 03FF FFFF COREDLL.DLL Other ROM DLLs NK “Slot” C200 0000 Kernel Space XIP DLL space 8000 0000 Large Memory Area (memory mapped files) 0200 0000 non-ROM DLLs 4200 0000 Slot 32 Process 32 4000 0000 Process 31 Slot 31 3E00 0000 . . . Free virtual space Stack (reserved space) Heap (reserved space) Resources Read write data 0800 0000 Read only data Slot 3 Process 3 0600 0000 Slot 2 Process 2 Code 0400 0000 DLLs Slot 1 Slot 0 0001 0000 0200 0000 Act. Process 0000 0000 reserved 0000 0000

  11. Steps for Adaptation to a Custom Platform • Boot loader development • OEM Adaptation Layer (OAL) • Device driver development • Selection/development of application suite • Test and validation • Platform SDK generation

  12. Bootloader • Technically not required for production build • Performs minimal processor and memory initialization • Configures debug ports • Downloads OS image into RAM if debug (from TFTP server, serial, or parallel ports) • Vector to ROM if production or disconnected, otherwise RAM • Optionally provide OS update utility • Many examples provided in Platform Builder (dialup bootloader with security)

  13. OEM Adaptation Layer • Contains platform specific code • Performs platform initialization • ISR (support for nested interrupts) • Implements power management • Provides specified services called by Kernel • Statically linked at build time to kernel (NK.exe)

  14. OEM Adaptation Layer (2/2) • Source examples provided for various reference platforms • Available from 3rd parties in Board Support Package (BSP)

  15. Device Classes • Defined: Devices which share common attributes grouped to form a category or “class” • Enables congregation of common driver code (class/miniport model) • New device classes defined by Microsoft • Because primary calling module, GWES, not provided in source form

  16. Device Classes (continued)

  17. Device Driver Models • Defined: Common mechanism for constructing interfaces between identified driver layers • Not an API, but a mechanism supported by a defined API • CE supports certain Windows 9x/NT driver models, other driver models unique to CE • ISV’s and IHV’s may define new driver models

  18. Stream-interface NDIS 4.0 Printer Miniport (partial) Native Windows NT ACM USB Device Driver Models(continued) • Windows CE supported driver models

  19. Device Driver Architecture Device Manager Stream-interface Stream-interface Stream-interfaceDriver MDD Native Driver DDSI Card Services PDD Stream-interface NDIS Wrapper Stream-interface USB Interface NDIS NDIS Miniport USBD USB Driver Card Services NDIS Wrapper HCD

  20. Device Driver Architecture(Continued) GWE Subsystem DDI DDI Monolithic Device Driver MDD Native Driver Defined by Microsoft DDSI PDD

  21. Device Driver Architecture(Continued) • Consists of DLL’s and object module libraries • Drivers run in user mode • Allows access to application level resources (MFC, COM, ATL, etc.) • Prevents kernel crashes due to driver exceptions • Supports software assisted driver debugging

  22. Device Manager • Primarily dedicated to Stream-interface Drivers • Loading and unloading • Translation of application level calls • Power management notifications • Enumeration of PC Card devices • Exists in a separate process space • Implications for buffer pointers • Single driver instance shared by all calling applications

  23. Stream-interface Driver Model • Used most commonly • Basis of certain driver models (ex.: USB and NDIS) • Supports installable devices • Standard Win32 file I/O interface • Exposed only through the Device Manager • Often used in combination with the Native Driver Model

  24. Stream-interface Driver Model(Continued) • Required entry points (XXX = Device File Name) in approximate order of initialization: • XXX_Init • XXX_IoControl • XXX_Open • XXX_Read • XXX_Write • XXX_Seek • XXX_PowerUp • XXX_Deinit • XXX_Close • XXX_PowerDown

  25. Native Driver Model • Supports onboard devices only • Provides class/miniport layering • Model Device Driver (MDD) layer • Provided by Microsoft • Communicates with GWES and kernel • Handles interrupts • Platform Dependent Driver (PDD) layer • Contains code to access the hardware • Focus of changes for integration of CE with a custom platform

  26. Other Device Driver Models • Services.exe, intended for non-device related modules • USB Driver Model • NDIS 4.0 miniport • Printer miniport • Audio Compression Manager • Many drivers implemented using a hybrid driver model (ex.: RS-232 serial driver) • Implementation of custom driver models possible • Driver Control Program (DCP) must be defined (ex.: USBD.dll)

  27. Processing Interrupts • Different for installable devices (ex.: PC Card and USB) • For onboard devices, first processed by an ISR in the OAL • Lower priority interrupts disabled while in ISR, with nesting of higher priority interrupts • Interrupt Service Thread (IST) is signaled • IST generally running at high priority, do not block on resources in lower priority threads

  28. Processing Interrupts

  29. Accessing Physical Resources • Must request user mode address mapped to physical memory • May use functions available in CEDDK.LIB • Other driver models provide similar functions • Example source...

  30. Accessing Physical Resources #define UNCACHED_OFFSET 0x80000000 #define UNCACHEDMEMORY(address) (address |\ UNCACHED_OFFSET) #define MY_DEVICE_FRAME_BUFFER 0xB0000 #define MY_DEVICE_FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH 0x20000 PVOID pMappedMemory = MmMapIoSpace((PHYSICAL_ADDRESS) UNCACHEDOFFSET(MY_DEVICE_FRAME_BUFFER), (ULONG)MY_DEVICE_FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH, FALSE); ASSERT(pMappedMemory != NULL); ... MmUnmapIoSpace(pMappedMemory, (ULONG)MY_DEVICE_FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH);

  31. Platform Builder • Platform Configuration • Used to select modules in OS image • Configures link and locate • Wizard provided to begin with reference platform • Module Development • Supports device driver and application development • Built separately from OS image

  32. Platform Builder (2/3) • Debugging • Configurable connections to platform (TCP/IP, ActiveSync, Serial, or custom) • Single step and conditional break points • Support for hardware-assisted debugging (useful for OAL) • Process, thread, module, and memory windows • Tracking of kernel state • Call profiling

  33. Platform Builder (3/3) • Builds ROMable OS image • Provides emulation to load and test OS image • Supports creation of custom “Platform SDK” • Demo: Emulator, Break point, process viewer, Kernel Tracker, call profiling

  34. Platform Builder Demo

  35. Other Tools • eMbedded Visual C++ 3.0 • Used for Pocket PC 2002 (CE 3.0 devices) and earlier • eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0 • Used for Pocket PC 2003 (CE 4.0 devices) and later • Visual Studio.net • Used for managed code development (.net Compact Framework) • Both eVC products to be merged with Visual Studio • Free download status of eVC in question • Windows CE Test Kit (CETK, see downloads) for scriptable application and system testing

  36. Real Time Capabilities • 256 priority levels • Scheduler granularity of 1 millisecond • Thread Quantum defined independent of timer tick (set to 0 for run to completion) • Decouples thread quantum (time slice) from timer tick • Nested interrupts • ROM compression optional (avoids page faults) • Multiple XIP regions • Full kernel mode supported • Priority Boosting

  37. Real-Time Capabilities* (2/2) *Source: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnce30/html/realtimecapabilities.asp

  38. Licensing Options • Platform Builder cost $995/seat • Windows CE Royalty begins at $3 • Shared Source Licensing • Allows non commercial derivatives • Allows debugging commercial products • Redistribution program available CE devices • See “Web Sites” for additional reference

  39. Downloads • Platform Builder Evaluation Kithttp://www.microsoft.com/windows/Embedded/ce.NET/evaluation/trial/evalkit.asp • eMbedded Visual C++ 3.0eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/device/embedded/download.aspx • All other downloads (including CETK)http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/ce.net/downloads/default.asp

  40. Documents • CE Real Time research docs • Real-Time Evaluation by Dedicated Systems: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/ce.net/evaluation/performance/dedicatedsys.asp • Real-Time and Windows Embedded:http://www.microsoft.com/windows/Embedded/community/experto/july2002/nframpton.asp • Windows Embedded Real-Time:http://www.microsoft.com/windows/Embedded/community/experto/july2002/jaokeefe.asp • Performance Test Methodologies for Windows CE .NEThttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncenet/html/perfmethod.asp?frame=true • Designing and Optimizing Microsoft Windows CE .NET for Real-Time Performance http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncenet/html/rtnetdesigning.asp

  41. Web Sites • Product Overview • http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/ce.net/evaluation/overview/default.asp • Shared Source License Information • http://www.microsoft.com/windows/embedded/ce.net/evaluation/sharedsource/default.asp • Runtime Licensing Model for CE .NET 4.2 • http://www.microsoft.com/windows/Embedded/ce.NET/howtobuy/sku.asp • Development Community Web Sites • WindowsForDevices.com: http://www.windowsfordevices.com/ • Pocket PC Developer Network: http://www.pocketpcdn.com • The Code Project: http://www.codeproject.com/ce/ • Evangelist Web Sites • Pocket PC Passion: http://www.pocketpcpassion.com/ • CE Windows.NET: http://www.cewindows.net

  42. Conclusion • Modular operating system • Various driver models with nested interrupts • Custom Kernel Image through PB • Flexible Real-Time performance characteristics • Low cost licensing • CE’s total integration advantage

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