Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

1. Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly ResourcesStewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access, Geography & History! Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK September 2009

2. Re-making History and Geography • As a visitor from a small island in the Far West of shared land mass • … whose organisation and client community now lives on the Internet! • I say 你好 "nihao”

3. Overview for Talk • Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card • UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA • Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources • An abstract model • Re-thinking Our Role • How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need • Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity • PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service • How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’? • at the national or regional level • at the trans-national, global level

4. Overview for Talk *Happy to break for Questions after each part* • Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card • UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA • Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources • An abstract model • Re-thinking Our Role • How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need • Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity • PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service • How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’? • at the national or regional level • at the trans-national, global level

5. 1. Introduction and Business Card: setting the scene • Personal biography / background • ‘25 years of digital inexperience’ p.burnhill@ed.ac.uk • University of Edinburgh www.ed.ac.uk • ‘my employer’ and ‘the host institution for EDINA’ • JISC - Joint Information Systems Committee www.jisc.ac.uk • ‘UK context’, ‘the money’ and ‘the vision’ • EDINA www.edina.ac.uk • ‘the organisation I lead’

6. Personal Biography • Degree in Economics • special subject was planned economies, including China & USSR First went to work at Economic & Social Research Council in London as research administrator Decided to change career • Masters’ degree in Statistics (at London School of Economics) • Moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1979 • My mother had been born in Scotland; I used to visit on school holidays

7. EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UK • a history of global influence on ideas & invention • Scottish Enlightenment, 18th Century • a society that has long wished to be ‘evidence based’ • That we should know ourselves, and the reason for things

8. Edinburgh

9. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 First ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in Europe a research-led international university Law & Medicine James Simpson Philosophy & Economics David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson Natural Sciences Charles Darwin, Joseph Black, James Clerk Maxwell

10. University of Edinburgh is aiming to be World Class! 23rd [up from 30th in 2005] in ‘Times Higher’ 2008 World University Rankings: 1st Harvard (USA); 2nd= Cambridge & Oxford (UK), Yale (USA) . 6th Imperial College London; 7th University College London (UK) . 22ndKings College London;23rdEdinburgh; 29th Manchester USA has 58 in the top 200, EU has 82, including UK with 29 * Not the only Index/Ranking;Should anyone worry about such statistics? The six criteria, weighted and added together, are peer review (40%), citations (20%), staff/student ratio (20%), employer review (10%), international staff (5%) and international students (5%).

11. Total Students:25,700(23,000) full time: 21,500 (20,000) part time: 4,200 ( 3,000) Type of student% undergraduates 72 (75) taught postgraduates 14 (11) research postgraduates 14 (14) Student Origin % from Scotland 46 (46) Other UK 32 (30) EU 9 ( 8) other international 15 (14) 2% from China Total income (£m):555 (353) HE Funding Councils 177 (125) Research Grants/Contracts 143 (103) Student Fees 82 ( 54) [3,000 academic + 3,000+ other staff = £297m (£202m)] Source of Research Income (£m): 143 (103) % Research Councils 41 (35) Charities 24 (28) UK Government, eg JISC 13 (22) EU Bodies 14 ( 7) Commerce 10 ( 6) University of Edinburgh in 2007/8(2003/4) 26,424 students in 2008/9 ?% from China Strategy is to reduce dependence on Government and to internationalize. Note: in 2003/4, EDINA earnt £2.5m of the £4m the University gets from the JISC [update for 2007/08]

12. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 University of Edinburgh Alumni from China Huang Kuan was first Chinese graduate: Doctor of Medicine in 1857 Late Professor Yang Liming, leading nuclear physicist in China & world Office in Beijing & Confucius Institute in Edinburgh In 2001, Professor Huang Kun (who worked with Max Born, Edinburgh Nobel prize-winne) received Supreme Scientific and Technological Award from President Jiang Zemin for solid state physics Professor Zhong Nan-shan, who identified SARS virus, received honorary degree in 2007 Professor Fan WenFei, graduate of Beijing University, is now in Informatics

13. So, I’m a data person Employed by the University of Edinburgh, since 1979 • First as survey statistician in research centre for educational sociology & then senior lecturer in social science graduate school In 1984 I changed career again to set up Edinburgh University Data Library Then combining that with • Co-director, Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1987/93 • Director, EDINA national data centre, 1996 - present day • Past-President of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001 • international assoc. for data librarians and archivists www.iassistdata.org • Director, Digital Curation Centre, 2004 - 2006 (Phase 1) • www.dcc.ac • 25 years of digital inexperience • as information methodologist and strategist • and I have had to learn to work with, and for: • other researchers, librarians, software engineers, • data curators, teachers, etc

14. wearing two formal hats • Director, EDINA National Data Centre • with a staff of 75+ • serving staff and students at all UK universities and colleges funded by the JISC, so I must say something about JISC! • 2. Member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh • My boss: Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management & Librarian to University • My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing and of AV/Learning Technology, now in converged service divisions • Also speaking here with you as a fellow professional • trying to make sense of what is going on, • planning for the future during ‘interesting times’

15. Joint Information Systems Committee Standing committee of the UK funding councils for higher and further education (an agent of Government Agencies) • Governing Board with Sub-Committees for specific areas with representatives from universities and other research bodies Responsible for ‘top-slice’ recurrent funding + special capital grants: • To manage and fund projects within thematic programmes • Outputs and lessons made available to HE and FE community. • To support 50 Services • providing online resources, expertise, advice and guidance • 3 largest services are • JANET(UK) - which oversees high speed networking • two national academic data centres, EDINA and Mimas • Executive of 80 staff to support work of JISC Board and sub-committees

16. Strategic Mission & Aims, 2007-2009 “to provide world-class leadership in the innovative use of ICT, to support education and research” • To deliver innovative and sustainable ICT infrastructure, services and practice that support institutions in meeting their missions. • To promote the development, uptake and effective use of ICT • to support learning and teaching • to support research • to support the management of institutions • To develop and implement a programme to support institutions’ engagement with the wider community. • Continuing to improve JISC’s own working practices.

17. National Data Centres research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges acting as platform for network-level services &helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment UK Research Councils Content, Tools & Infrastructure JISC Collections JISC Sub-Committees UK funding councils for HE & FE

18. EDINA, UK National Data Centre Mission: to enhance productivity of research, learning & teaching in higher & further education delivering online services, 24/7 … http://edina.ac.uk

20. EDINA, UK National Data Centre • EDINA designated as national data centre in 1995/96 • University had to compete for the role and status • based on online experience of University’s Data Library, 1983/84 - • There is a ‘sister’ national data centre, Mimas at University of Manchester • Acknowledged high quality of online service, 24/7 (99% uptime) • good reputation for helpdesk, user interfaces, FAQs etc • geared to researchers and students and end-users • with support of librarians and other academic support staff • Acknowledged project competence for R&D • we work with Researchers; we turn their work into Development • Growth in online services, client base and usage, year-on-year • Edinburgh Data INformation Access • ‘Edina’ is also the poetic name for Edinburgh • Referred to by Robert Burns in ‘Address to Edinburgh’, 1793 • A digitized copy of the manuscript is on our website!

21. 2. Our Changing World • Time to re-examine old verities in our scholarly world • about 40 years after the invention of the Internet • and only 13 years since the arrival of the Web. • How should we re-think our online services, as value-added network-level services? • as the relationship between Author and Reader is changing • as we must deal with all sorts of digital resources • Time to play with an abstract model … ... a picture show

22. A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read article is the ‘information object of desire’ Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article Reader

23. We could generalise what follows to research data and other digital resources Generates (curates) data for own purpose, or as part of team … wants/has to ‘put’ it somewhere for use by others (perhaps to be recognised by a peer community) Creator Key User (Researcher) Verbs: Discover data of interestLocate service on that data with documentation on provenance etc Request permission to use serviceAccess to service/data Evidential value of data in analysis as object of desire’ Researcher

24. A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read article is the ‘information object of desire’ Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article Reader

25. Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals) Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

26. Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals) Publisher article serial issue Licence Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ Library (serial) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

27. Value-add £ services Institutional Provision for Online Access (Access to article–length work) Forma£ E conomy Licensed Online Access Publisher article serial issue ILL/docdel Licence Institutional arrangement Library (serial) Reader (article)

28. Importance of Academic Peers Forma£ E conomy Author (article) peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society Licence peer exchange Library Reader (article) ‘invisible college’

29. Peer-to-Peer Communication - beyond institutional walls Forma£ E conomy Author (article) peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society Licence peer exchange Library (serial) Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

30. Online Service Provision Forma£ Economy Author (article) InstitutionalRepositories Licensed Online Access peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society ILL/docdel Licence ‘Open Access’ peer exchange Institutional arrangement ££ E-prints free to web access Library (serial) SubjectRepositories Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

31. InstitutionalRepositories E-prints free to web access SubjectRepositories Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access Long term digital preservation Forma£ Economy Continuity of access Author (article) E-prints Licensed Online Access peer review Publisher article serial issue learned society ILL/docdel Licence peer exchange Institutional arrangement Library (serial) Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

32. Forecasting change for the traditional model? Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence* Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

33. Forecasting change for the traditional model? Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence* • * Open Access • Publisher premium (Gold) • Author/funder pays • Author self-archiving (Green) • Deposit mandate • Access (can be delayed) or request only Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

34. Forecasting change for the traditional model? Author (article) • * All is Licensed, whether for: • Open Access • Privileged of Membership Access • Payment of Cash Access Publisher article serial issue Licence* Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

35. Forecasting change for the traditional model? Author (article) • * All is Licensed, whether for: • Open Access • Privileged of Membership Access • Payment of Cash Access Publisher article serial issue Licence* Library (serial) Reader (article) P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

36. (2) Pressure of Peer-to-Peer Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence learned society Institutional arrangement peer review Library (serial) peer exchange free to web access Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

37. Increasing dominance of The Web Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Licence Institutional arrangement Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis Library (serial) free to web access Role of Institutional Repositories? peer to peer exchange Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

38. Value-add £ services The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts Forma£ E conomy Author (article) Publisher article serial issue Role of learned society? Licence Publisher engagement Open peer review? Library (serial) Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis free to web access Institutional arrangement Role of Institutional Repositories? peer exchange Reader (article) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

39. Where will our (virtual) scholars want to be? Open Access Forma£ economy Peer (Creator) Commercial arrangement Privilege of membership peer review Journal Payment of money learned society attention peer exchange Institutional arrangement Social networking free2web access University Peer (User) Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2008

40. We have all come a long way in last 40 years Before the 1970s, when the Internet was emerging: • less than 5% went to university in the UK • 43% in 2007/08; Government target is 50% • University libraries were a world of print & manuscripts • ‘resource sharing’ meant • staff and students visiting libraries • resources were books, journal volumes & special collections • with worry about ‘grey literature’ • Inter-Library Loan was the big thing! • computers did existed, but … • mainly used for ‘computing’ (add/subtract/multiply) • ‘telecom networks’ were specialist & military • ‘text processing’ was a research area (or the domain of the spy!)

41. 3. Re-thinking Our Role: Emergence of Digital Library • mix of the document tradition(signifying objects & their use)and the computation tradition(applying algorithmic, logical, mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management) • “Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.” • M.Buckland, Journal of American Society for Information Science, 50 p970-74 1999 • More than ‘just’ published scholarly record in journals and books • More than what has been digitized; need to include the ‘born digital’ • The digital library has words, numbers, pictures and sounds • Numeric data, online learning & teaching materials, digital pictures and other audio-visual materials • What do researchers do? And what do they want/need of a digital library - that they cannot do for themselves?

42. Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly works The central task is to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need • Digital preservation is crucial but need to keep focus on ‘continuity of access’ "I am in no way interested in immortality, but only in the taste of tea." Lu T'ung (born 755 A.D., reputedly lived 400 years)

43. 4. EDINA’s role at the network level In mid-90s, we had planned a future based on hosting key A&IDatabases, but market changed. Since 2002 we have been re-making our future with: • Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials • National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use • Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money) • Investigated Shibboleth for JISC and Developed pilot for UK Access Management Federation for Education & Research • Now funded as Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group • Digital preservation • CLOCKSS Access Host for orphaned content; Edinburgh University as Archive Node • Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative • Piloting an e-journals preservation registry, with ISSN-IC [will say more] • User Generated Content & Open Access • The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility • Jorum for learning and teaching materials having already diversified with GeoSpatial and Multimedia, and supporting JISC with e-learning …

44. Examples of ‘Network-level’ Projects & Services For this talk: PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service For some other talk: • The Depot and OA Repository Junction • open access deposit • Datashare • Data as ‘evidence’ • how to support researchers and their research data • Jorum • the UK national repository for online learning & teaching materials • Spatial Data Infrastructure: Digimap and ShareGeo • Topographic mapping data, from national mapping agency • Marine & Geological mapping data • Sounds and Pictures (moving & still) as digital resource • Enhancing the cultural record as data for research • UK Access Management Federation / Shibboleth • Authentication & Authorisation

45. blank <insert slides on PEPRS>

46. 5. Framework for collaborative activity • at the regional or national level • UK • China, USA, etc • at the trans-national level • across EU • Funding Programmes • across nation states, eg ASEAN/AUNILO • Internationally • CLOCKSS: (Controlled) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe • PEPRS

47. Re-thinking the reach of our stewardship • What is special about scholarship? • What is so different about digital? • What is so terrific about the tele-matics of the Internet? • All that is digital & accessed from afar • Sharing across geography with wider world • Sharing across time with future scholarship Example • The CLOCKSS initiative www.clockss.org • World’s leading publishers agree to the routine ingest of their digital journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived libraries acting as Archive Nodes • Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the Internet to ensure bit-consistency and integrity

48. In September 2006, I was invited to give the plenary at the 3rd Meeting of AUNILO, on ‘Resource Sharing’. Very diverse in nearly everyway but shared geography, the leading ASEAN universities were planning an ASEAN Digital Library. Sharing infrastructure even if they had to have separate subscriptions.

49. A rare opportunity: In April 2008, I was fortunate to visit Egypt, another long-lived civilization, to sail down the Nile … … I awoke one morning at dawn

50. to reflect upon what I had learnt, about then and now. Academy Technology Economy That what we are doing in the universities and research organisations has enduring and wide significance, then and now.