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White Flight and White Nationalism in the UK

White Flight and White Nationalism in the UK. Is there a Connection? Eric Kaufmann Birkbeck College e.kaufmann@bbk.ac.uk http://www.sneps.net/research-interests/whiteworkingclass. White Flight? . USA 1970-2000. Source: Andersson Hammarstedt Neuman 2012.

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White Flight and White Nationalism in the UK

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  1. White Flight and White Nationalism in the UK Is there a Connection? Eric Kaufmann Birkbeck College e.kaufmann@bbk.ac.uk http://www.sneps.net/research-interests/whiteworkingclass

  2. White Flight?

  3. USA 1970-2000 Source: Andersson HammarstedtNeuman 2012 Source: data from Card Mas & Rothstein 2008

  4. Simpson (2007) Method Toward diversity Away from diversity

  5. Predictors of Quintile Shift 1991-2001 (excluding area controls for ethnicity density poverty) Source: Office for National Statistics. 2001. ONS Longitudinal Study.

  6. White Movers • White Flight/Avoiders • 24% Tory • 18% Working Class • 30% Degrees • 57% English Identity • 56% Tabloid • 32% 17-25s • 26% renters • 35% single • 12% anti-homosexual • 12% gender traditionalists • Diversity Seekers • 24% Tory • 18% Working Class • 27% Degrees • 57% English Identity • 46% Tabloid • 44% 17-25s • 50% renters • 49% single • 10% anti-homosexual • 9% gender traditionalists

  7. Networks rather than Nationalism? • “If the church bulletin board is where people advertise rooms for rent, blacks will rent rooms from blacks and whites from whites because of a communication system…correlated with color” – Thomas Schelling 1978 • Maybe white family/friend/association networks and minority networks differ in England, affecting where people relocate once they decide to move • OR could be subliminal ethnic avoidance distinct from conscious ideology • End result is the same, however: white British withdrawal from growing urban zones

  8. Whites in Diverse Wards are Less Opposed to Immigration

  9. Whites Favouring Reduced Immigration, by social class By Share of Ethnic Minorities in Ward By Share of Recent Immigrants (less than 10 years in UK) in Ward

  10. Two Aspects of Whites Who Live in Diverse Areas Non-British Whites Transient Population

  11. Conclusion • Local matters for the national • Little white flight but more white ‘avoidance’ • Anti-immigration opinion not linked to white avoidance • But white working class are more likely than white upper/middle to avoid diversity, oppose immigration & remain unaffected by contact • Some support for benefits of contact with minorities but much of the positive effect of diversity is due to other aspects of diverse areas (transient, urban, white other). Also no effect on white working class • White attitudes to immigration may be softened by contact; or may be hardened as whites consolidate, or if there is new immigration in lily-white areas

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