summary ovary: produce ovum & secret steroid hormones.

2. summary • ovary: produce ovum & secret steroid hormones. • uterine tube: transport ovum+fertilization • uterus: where embryonic & fetal development occurs. • vagina • external genitalia

3. 一、ovary • capsule：epithulium + albuginea. • parenchyma：cortex + medulla • cortex：ovarian follicles + CT. • medulla：LCT + elastic f + blood vessels

4. ovary

5. （一）ovarian follicle • Follicle = an oocyte + surrounding follicul cells. • 4 steps : primordial、primary、secondary and mature follicle 。

6. 1. Primordial follicle • location: beneath the albuginea. • small & more. • primary oocyte + follicul C • primary oocyte : round , eosinophilic.

7. ovary

8. Primordial follicles

9. Primordial follicle

10. 2. Primary follicle • primary oocyte. • Follicle C→proliferate，squamous→cuboidal or columnar，simple→stratified. • Zona pellucida: homogeneous.

11. Cortex of ovary

12. 3. Secondary follicle • Primary oocyte: size increase to the apex. • antrum: follicular fluid, 6～12 layers of granulosa cells.

13. Secondary follicle

14. Follicle C : granulosa C. • stratum granulosum：formed by several granulosa C , the wall. • Cumulus oophorus：primary oocyte + zona pellucida + corona radiata + granulosa C. protruding into the antrum

15. antrum Cumulus oophorus Granulosa cells

16. 4. Mature follicle • secondary follicle→mature follicle • follicular fluid • the wall • move towards the surface of ovary. • primary oocyte →secondary oocyte

17. Mature follicle

18. Mature follicle

19. （二）ovulation • Mature follicle rupture，secondary oocyte + corona radiata + zona pellucida + follicular fluid, expelled from the follicle.

21. fate of secondary oocyte after ovulation • In 24h, degenerate and disappear if not fertilizing. • Or else，go on with the 2nd meiotic division，form haploid mature ovum.

22. （三）corpus luteum • Definition : after ovulation，the follicular wall, composed of the remaining granulosa & thecal cells , is thrown into deep folds as follicle collapse and is transformed into the corpus luteum. Show a yellow appearance in fresh preparations.

24. 2. Functions of luteal cells • granular lutein C：progesterone & relaxin. • theca lutein C：estrogen

25. 3. Classifications of corpus luteum • corpus luteum of menstruation : is formed in the absence of fertilization. • corpus luteum of pregnancy：is formed after fertilization and implantation.

26. 二、uterine tube • infundibulum+ampulla+isthmus+uterine part • lumen is irregular • wall= mucosa+muscularis+serosa • mucosa= simple columnar Epi.+basal lamina • Epi.= secretory C + ciliated C • muscularis : inner circular, outer longitudinal SM

27. Uterine tube

28. Mucosa of uterine tube

29. Mucosa of uterine tube

30. 三、uterus • body+fundus+cervix • wall=endometrium+myometrium+perimetrium

32. uterus

33. 1. endometrium • Function layer: superficial, undergo cyclical changes. • Basal layer: deeper, proliferate & repair function layer. • Epi=secretory C+ciliated C. • Basal lamina=CT+stroma C+ uterine gland . • Uterine gland: Epi. Invaginate to form. • Coiled artery: the branch of uterine artery.

34. Cilia on the columnar C of endometrium

35. 2. menstrual cycle • cyclical changes of Function layer • exfoliate、bleed、repair & proliferate • occur every 28 days, called…。 • menstrual phase: first 1～4 days • proliferative phase: 5 ～ 14 • secretory phase: 15 ～ 28

36. 1. proliferative phase • Also called follicular phase。 • Epithelial C+stroma C proliferate。 • Early : uterine gland sparse、thin & short. • later: endometrium become thick, uterine gland increase ，coiled artery go up and convolute. • Ovulation in overy，endometrium transform into the secretory phase.

37. proliferative phase of endometrium

38. 2. secretory phase • Also called luteum phase. • Endometrium continue thickening. • Uterine gland highly convolute，swell，filled by secretion. • Stroma C hypertrophy. • Coiled artery increase，more convoluted. • If ovum is fertilized，endometrium keep thickening ，till into decidua，or else，into menstrual phase.

39. secretory phase of endometrium

40. 3. menstrual phase • If fertilized occurred，coiled A contract，endometrium ischemic lead to necrosis of function layer. • Brief periods of blood flow，blood flow into function layer. disruption of the surface epithelial C & rupture of the blood . Wash out patches of tissue separated from endometrium discharge through vaginalis.