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Unit Seven

Unit Seven. Stress. Part One Listening and Speaking Listening Script and Key ◆ Activity 1 Sizes and Prizes.

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Unit Seven

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  1. Unit Seven Stress

  2. Part One Listening and SpeakingListeningScript and Key◆ Activity 1 Sizes and Prizes • Directions: In this part there are 10 short conversations. Each of the conversations will be read for 3 times. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.

  3. 1. M: What size is this T-shirt? W:Its size is 42. (1) 2. M:How much is this computer? (2) W: It’s 3,895 yuan. 3. M: What size is your suitcase? Is it big or small? W:It’s small, but it’s heavy. (3) 4. M: How much do these sports shoes cost? W:They cost 40 dollars. (4) 5. M:Is your house big or small? (5) W: It’s small, but rather expensive.

  4. 6. M: How much is this beautiful car? • W:It’s more than 25 pounds. (6) • 7. M: What is the size of this box? • W:It’s 7 meters long, 2 meters wide and 3 • meters high. (7) • 8. M:Is this bike on sale? (8) • W: Yes. It is only 150 Hongkong dollars. • 9. M: Do you have any medium-sized glass? • W:Sorry, they are sold out. (9) • 10. M: What’s the size of your newly bought • sofa? • W:It is a big one, but it is cheap. (10)

  5. ◆ Activity 2 Conversation • Directions: In this part there are 5 conversations. Each of the conversations will be read twice. Listen to them carefully and then decide whether the statements below are true, false or not mentioned according to the conversations you hear. Write T for True, F for False and N for not mentioned in the spaces provided.

  6. Conversation 1 • M: Would you please open the door? • W: Yes. • M: Please pass the chair to me. • W: What are you going to do? • M: I would like to take down that picture. • W: Why? The picture looks beautiful. • M: Yes, it does. But I have a more beautiful picture now. • W: Oh, let me have a look. • T 1. The man needs a chair to take down a picture.

  7. Conversation 2 • M: I’m too busy this morning. • W: What can I do for you? • M: Would you mind mailing this package for me? • W: I’m glad to. Please give me that package. • M: Here it is. Oh, the package needs wrapping before going to the post office. • W: No problem. I can do it. • M: Thank you very much. • W: Not at all. • T 2. The package should be wrapped so that it can be taken to the post office.

  8. Conversation 3 • M: Will you do me a favor, Tian Hua? • W: Yes, I will, Xu Hong. • M: Please buy a bottle of milk for me when you go shopping this afternoon. • W: No problem. Do you like milk? • M: Yes, but I don’t like it very much. • W: Then, why do you buy it? • M: I need it tonight, because I have to stay up late for tomorrow’s Chinese test. • W: Oh, I see. • F 3. Xu Hong is going to have an English test tomorrow.

  9. Conversation 4 • M: Nice to see you, Mary. • W: Nice to see you, too, Bob. • M: Hang upmy overcoat, will you? I don’t know where to put it. • W: Of course. • M: Would you like to take a look at our new dormitory? • W: Yes, I would like to. Where is it? • M: It’s not far away. • W: All right. Let’s go now. • N 4. Bob might move to a new dormitory.

  10. Conversation 5 • M: Could you please read this letter, Jack? • W: Yes, of course, Diana. But whose letter is it? • M: It is from one of my old friends. • W: Well, David is coming to Shanghai. • M: Yes, he is coming this afternoon. • W: Then what can I do for it? • M: Would you please go to the airport and pick him up? • W: Yes, I would like to. • N 5. Jack is living in Shanghai now.

  11. ◆ Activity 3 Passage • Directions:In this part there is only one passage. Listen to the passage twice and then decide on the appropriate answer to each of the questions from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. • Jack and Bill are seven years old. One day, they went out to sell pies together. Before they set out, Jack’s mother told Jack, “You take twelve pies, and sell them for five cents each. You mustn’t eat them and you mustn’t give any of them to your friends.”

  12. “Bill’s mother told Bill the same words. Then they went to town together. • But after a whole morning Bill sold only one. Bill felt very hungry, but he knew he couldn’t eat his pies. What should he do? • He thought for a moment, and then he had an idea. He took his five cents and bought a pie from Jack and ate it. Jack was hungry, too. So he spent the five cents on a pie of Bill’s and ate it. The whole day passed. All of Bill’s and Jack’s pies were sold out, and were also eaten up.

  13. Questions and Answers 1. Q: What is Bill going to do? • A: C. He is going to sell some pies. 2. Q: How much can Jack get if he sells out all his pies? • A: D. 60 cents. 3. Q: How much did Jack take back home by selling his pies? • A: D. Nothing. 4. Q: Who got the creative idea? • A: A. Bill. 5. Q: To whom were the pies sold? • A: C. Both Jack and Bill.

  14. SpeakingActivity 1 Sample • —— A: Hello, Xiao Hua. • B: Hello, Xiao Jing. • A: Would you please do me a favor? • B: Yes. What can I do for you? • A: Help me move that heavy sofa, will you? • B: Yes. I’m glad to. • A: Thank you very much. • B: You’re welcome.

  15. Activity 2Sample • —— One day, I bought a computer. When I was taking it upstairs to my dormitory, I saw one of the students walking downstairs. The computer was too heavy for me to take it upstairs, so I stopped and tried to find one of my friends for help. Just then a stranger came. I went up to him and said with a smile: “Would you mind doing me a favor?” The stranger looked at me and said, “I am glad to…” Then, he took up my computer to my dormitory. When I thanked him for help, he told me that he would like to help me although he was very busy then, because I asked him to do me a favor in a very polite way.

  16. Part Two Reading • Lead-in Activity Self-test • The answer is open.

  17. ReadingLanguage Focus 1. Stress is caused by the body’s response to protect itself. (Para. 2) • 这里cause是动词，意为“引起”, cause也可作名词，意为“原因”。例如： 1）The heavy rain caused the flood. • 大雨引起了洪水。 2）They are trying to find out the cause of the terrible fire. • 他们正在努力查寻那次可怕火灾的原因。 • itself是反身代词。反身代词可用作句子的宾语或同位语。例如： 1）The cat saw itself in the mirror. • 猫看到了镜子里的自己。 2）The school itself should take the responsibility. • 责任应当由学校自己承担。

  18. 2. This is good in dangerous situations, such as getting out of the way of a speeding car. (Para. 2) in dangerous situations意为“处于危险情形”。例如： She is in a hopeless situation. 她处于无助情形。 句中such as … 是“诸如……”的意思。例如： You may buy some fruit for her，such as oranges and bananas. 你可以为她买些水果，例如桔子、香蕉。

  19. get out of the way是“让开，避开”的意思。例如： 1）Please get out of the way, and let us get on with the job. 请让开，我们要继续工作。 2）You can’t give any help, so just get out of the way. 你们帮不了忙，所以让开吧。 speeding是现在分词用作形容词，通常置于所修饰词之前。例如： 1）How lovely the singing girl is! 这位唱歌的女孩多可爱! 2）Look at the running horse. 看那匹奔跑的马。

  20. 3. But it can bring about physical illness if it goes on for too long, such as in response to life’s daily challenges and changes. (Para. 2) 这里的if是连接词，它可以用来引导条件状语从句。例如： 1）What would Diana think of him if he failed? 如果他失败，戴安娜会怎么看他? 2）You can wait here if you like. 如果你愿意，你可以在这儿等。

  21. bring about是动词词组，表示“导致，引起”的意思。例如： 1）I am sure your words will bring about misunderstanding to people. 我相信你的话会引起大家的误解。 2）Driving with high speed might bring about a car accident. 快速驾车可能导致车祸。 go on是常用的动词短语，表示“继续”的意思。例如： 1）Please go on with your story. 请继续讲你的故事。 2）If you go on like this, you'll make big mistakes some day. 如果你继续这样下去势必有一天要铸成大错。

  22. in response to是固定词组，意为“响应，适应”。例如： 1）The place was changed in response to his request. 应他的要求而改变了地点。 2）He quitted smoking in response to her appeal. 为响应她的呼吁他戒烟了。 句中daily是表示时间的形容词，是由名词+后缀-ly构成的。例如： 1）This article was published in a daily newspaper two months ago. 这篇文章两个月前在一份日报上发表。

  23. 4. When this happens, your body seems to get ready to jump out of the way of the car, but you’re sitting still. (Para.3) get ready是常用动词短语，意为“准备好”。例如： 1）Please get ready to answer these questions. 请做好准备回答这些问题。 2）It took her a long time to get ready for the dinner. 她花费了很多时间准备晚餐。

  24. 这里的still是形容词，在句中用作宾语补语。形容词可用作宾语补足语。例如：这里的still是形容词，在句中用作宾语补语。形容词可用作宾语补足语。例如： 1）All of the mailboxes are painted green. 所有的邮箱都被漆成了绿色。 2）All men are created equal. 人人平等。

  25. 5. Your body is working overtime, which can make you feel anxious, afraid, and worried. (Para. 3) 这里关系代词which引导了一个非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是对主句的补充说明。例如： 1）The exam, which lasted for an hour, was well arranged. 考试安排得很好，持续了一个小时。 2）The book, which he bought yesterday, is out of stock now. 他昨天买的那本书，现在已经卖完了。

  26. 在make you feel anxious … 中，feel anxious是省略了to的不定式短语。动词make, let, have后面通常跟省略to的动词不定式作其宾语补语。例如： 1）It was John who made me do so. 是约翰让我这样做的。 2）Let him go. 让他走。 3）Have him stand there. 就让他站在那儿。

  27. 句中形容词anxious, afraid,和worried充当感观动词feel的表语。常用的感观动词还有look, appear, seem, taste, smell, sound等。语法上，可以称其为半系动词，因此其后面通常可以跟形容词作其表语，而不跟副词。例如： 1）He feels bad. 他感到很难受。 2）The soup smells delicious. 这汤的香味诱人。 3）She looked nervous before the exam. 她在考试前显得很紧张。

  28. 6. Any sort of change can make you feel stressed, even good change. (Para. 5) sort of表示“那种，那类”的意思。例如： 1）This sort of thing will not happen again. 这种事情将不再发生。 2）That sort of idea will do you harm. 那种想法对你是有害的。 句中的even是程度副词，用来修饰形容词。例如： 1）I looked sick, and felt even worse. 我看上去生病了，而且感觉更不好。 2）Stan was speaking even more slowly than usual. 史丹说得比平时更慢。

  29. 在feel stressed中，stressed是过去分词用作形容词。过去分词通常可以转化为形容词。例如： 1）I felt disappointed when hearing that the bus had gone. 听说汽车已经开走了，我感到失望。 2）I felt satisfied after I had finished the task. 工作完成后我感到很满足。

  30. 7. It’s not just the change or event itself, but also how you react to it that matters. (Para.5 ) how you react是连接词how引导的表语从句。例如：That is how we parted. 我们就是那样分手的。 react to表示“对……作出反应”的意思。例如： 1）I wonder how she will react to my words. 我想知道她对我的话作何反应。 2）They reacted violently to the news. 他们对这条新闻作出强烈反应。

  31. 8. What may be stressful is different for each person. (Para. 5) 这里What may be stressful是由疑问词what引导的主语从句。当所要表达的意思含有“疑问”的概念时，用相应的疑问词。注意，此时的“疑问”并不是一个疑问句，故不要使用疑问语序而要用陈述语序。例如： 1）When he will go is unknown to us. 他什么时候走我们不清楚。 2）Why he is coming is an open secret. 他为什么要来已是一个公开的秘密。 3）What he said cannot be trusted. 他所说的话不可信。

  32. 句中each是形容词，用来修饰名词，表示“每、各”的意思。例如：句中each是形容词，用来修饰名词，表示“每、各”的意思。例如： 1）There is a line of trees on each side of the road. 马路两边各有一行树。 2）Give an apple to each child. 给每个孩子一个苹果。

  33. 9. For example, one person may not feel stressed by retiring from work, while another may feel stressed. (Para. 5) 句中another是代词表示“另一个”, another还可以用作形容词。例如： 1）Would you like another orange? 你还想要个橘子吗？ 2）We’ll visit the farm another time. 我们另找时间访问农庄。

  34. 10. Other stressful things include losing your job, your child leaving or returning home, the death of your relative, divorce or marriage, an illness, an injury, money problems, or even having a baby. (Para.6) include在句中用作动词，意为“包括”。include后面只能用动名词（短语）、名词（短语）或代词作宾语。例如： 1）My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss! 为老板煮咖啡不是我工作分内的事！ 2）The price includes postage charges. 价钱包括邮费。

  35. 句中连接词or连接了名词或动名词短语。 这里your child leaving or returning home是动名词的复合结构。当动名词前加上一个名词或代词的所有格形式，这个名词或代词的所有格形式就是动名词的逻辑主语。例如： 1）The teacher’s praising the boy made all the other boys happy. 老师表扬了这孩子，这使得所有的孩子都很高兴。 2）I am afraid of his being late again. 我怕他又迟到。

  36. 11. Stress can cause health problems or make problems worse if you don’t learn ways to deal with it. (Para.8) if you don’t learn ways … 是连接词if引导的条件状语从句，if可引导条件状语从句。例如： 1）I will do it if I shall be paid. 如果付钱我就做这事。 2）I will not drive to work if it snows tomorrow. 如果明天下雪，我就不开车去上班了。 这里deal with是常用的动词短语，意为“安排，处理”。例如： 1）The book deals with this problem. 这本书论述了这个问题。 2）They have learnt to deal with various problems. 他们学会了处理各种问题。

  37. 12. Talk to your family doctor about it. (Para. 8) • talk to sb. about sth.是固定搭配, 表示“向某人述说某事”的意思。例如： 1）Have you talked to your mother about your trouble? 你是否向你妈妈说过你的烦恼？ 2）She is talking to her boss about the thing that happened yesterday. 她正在向她的老板述说昨天发生的事情。

  38. 13. It’s important to make sure that your symptoms aren’t caused by other health problems. (Para. 8) to make sure…是动词不定式（短语），在句中作主语，而it只是形式上的主语。英语中的动词不定式（短语）在作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（动词不定式短语）置于句后。例如： 1）It’s very good for us to learn English. 对我们来说，学英语很有好处。 2）It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

  39. 句中make sure是常用的动词短语，意为“确信，证实”。例如： 1）He looked in the bathroom to make sure that he was alone. 他朝厕所看了看，确信他是独自一人。 2）She telephoned his secretary to make sure that the ticket had been booked. 她打电话给他的秘书，确信车票已经订好了。

  40. 14. The first step is to learn to know when you’re feeling stressed. (Para. 20) to learn to know是不定式（短语），用作主句的表语。不定式短语可用作句子的表语。例如： 1）What you should do is to go at once. 你现在应当做的就是马上走。 2）I think all you need to do is to fill in an application form. 我认为你需要做的一切就是填写一份申请表。

  41. 动词learn表示“学习”，后面跟不定式（短语），也可跟名词。例如：动词learn表示“学习”，后面跟不定式（短语），也可跟名词。例如： 1）Where did you learn to skate? 你在哪里学会滑冰的？ 2）They also learned acupuncture. 他们还学了针灸。 这里when you’re feeling stressed是know的宾语从句。

  42. 15. The next step is to choose a way to deal with your stress. (Para. 21) • 句中to choose a way是不定式短语用作表语；to deal with your stress是不定式短语作定语，修饰way。不定式短语可作定语。例如： 1）I have got a chair to sit on. 我拿到一个可以坐的椅子。 2）One of the professor’s greatest attributes is his ability to lecture. 这位教授的最大特点之一是他讲课的能力。

  43. 16. One way is to avoid the event or thing that leads to your stress—but often this is not possible. (Para. 21) • avoid后接名词（短语）或动名词（短语），意为“避免”。例如： 1）It is hard to avoid mistakes. 犯错误是难免的。 2）They tried to avoid answering his questions. 他们设法避免回答他的问题。

  44. 句中that leads to … 是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰thing。关系代词that可引导定语从句。例如： 1）The mouse that lives in the wall comes out at night. 这只住在墙里的老鼠晚上出来。 2）Peas that have been overcooked lose much of their flavor. 豆荚煮得过久，会失去许多味道。 • 这里lead to是常用动词短语，意为“导致”。例如： 1）Blindly copying others’ experience might lead to losses. 盲目搬用别人的经验，可能造成损失。 2）The discussion led to the approval of the plan. 经过讨论，大家通过了这项计划。

  45. 17. A second way is to change how you react to stress. (Para. 21) • how you react to stress是由how引导的宾语从句，作不定式短语to change的宾语。

  46. 18. Don’t worry about things you can’t control, like the weather. (Para. 23) • worry about是常用的动词短语，意为“担忧”。例如： 1）Today he does not have to worry about making a living. 现在他不用为生活发愁了。 2）In those days he always worried about being unemployed. 那时候他经常为失业发愁。

  47. 句中like是介词，意为“比如，诸如”。例如：句中like是介词，意为“比如，诸如”。例如： 1）He could say things like, “Let us go for a walk” or “Let’s go to the car” in French. 他会用法语说诸如，“让我们散步”或“让我们上车”。 2）Large cities, like New York, have more crimes than small cities. 大城市诸如纽约的犯罪案件比小城市多。

  48. 19. Prepare to the best of your ability for events you know may be stressful, like a job interview. (Para. 24) • prepare for是动词短语，表示“为……做好准备”的意思。例如： 1）Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 存最好的希望，做最坏的准备。 2）We were preparing for bed when we heard a knock at the door. 我们正准备睡觉时听到有人敲门。

  49. 这里you know … 是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词events。当定语从句中所修饰的名词（词组）被形容词最高级所修饰时，关系代词只能用that来指代人或事物，而不能使用which。例如： 1）This is the best film (that) we have ever seen. 这是我们所看过的电影中最好的一部。 2）It is the most difficult work (that) that I will have to do. 这是我不得不做的最难的工作。

  50. 20. Try to look at changes as a challenge, not a threat. (Para. 25) • 动词try可以跟不定式（短语），表示“设法，试图”。例如： 1）He has been trying to get you on the phone. 他一直在设法打电话找你。 2）I’ll try to improve it. 我将尽力改进它。 • look at … as 表示“把……看作”。例如： 1）I will look at this chance as a turning point of my career. 我要把这次机会看作我事业的转折点。 2）Please don’t look at this matter as a threat. 请不要将此事当作威胁。

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