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Developmental Psychology

Developmental Psychology. Chapter 3. A study of the changes that occur as people grow up and grow older Begins before birth Move, kick Hiccup, thumb-sucking. Developmental Psych. Babinski Moro Rooting & Sucking. Grasping Rooting & Sucking Moro “startle” Reflex Babinski Reflex.

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Developmental Psychology

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  1. Developmental Psychology Chapter 3

  2. A study of the changes that occur as people grow up and grow older • Begins before birth • Move, kick • Hiccup, thumb-sucking Developmental Psych

  3. Babinski • Moro • Rooting & Sucking Grasping Rooting & SuckingMoro “startle” ReflexBabinski Reflex

  4. Internally pre-programmed growth • Schedule is predetermined unless the infant is malnourished , restricted in movement or deprived of human contact & stimuli Physical Maturation

  5. Mental retardation, poor motor development • Unusual facial features Drugs & Pregnancy – Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

  6. Reduces birth weight and height • 3-5 times higher risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) • Respiratory problems • May be linked to trouble spelling and reading Smoking during pregnancy

  7. Chinese infants – more adaptable, cried less, easier to console, comfortable in any position, breathed through mouth when nose was covered with a cloth • Caucasian infants – wiggled around to get comfortable, fought a cloth over the nose Nature vs. Nurture – Ethnic Differences

  8. 2-3 day old infants can be taught things • Suck on pacifier to focus a picture • Turn head when a buzzer sounds (rewarded with a bottle) Learning

  9. Swiss psychologist • Research & observation • Differences in thinking Jean Piaget

  10. Assimilation – we fit the world into our schema • Accommodation – we change our schema to fit the characteristics of the world Schema

  11. Sensory-Motor – birth to 2 years • Pre-Operational – 2-6 years • Concrete Operational – 6-12 years • Formal Operational – 12 and above Piaget’s stages

  12. Explore with senses – everything goes in the mouth! • Before object permanence – out of sight = does not exist • Separation anxiety – will my parent return? • 7-12 months – child will look for a toy they cannot see • 12-18 months – learn to look where they last saw it Sensory-Motor

  13. Language appears • Pictures represent things • Representational thought – can picture things in their mind • Many toddlers believe that changing a person’s dress can change their sex…look like a girl = must be a girl! Pre-Operational

  14. Can think of several dimensions or features at the same time • Understand conservation of matter • Understand reversibility – subtraction to check addition Concrete Operational

  15. Trial & error problem solving • Need to see it to do it • Trouble with abstract or hypothetical reasoning Concrete Operational – gradual progress through this stage

  16. Can use abstract or hypothetical reasoning • Can consider many alternative solutions to a problem • Make deductions • Contemplate the future • Formulate personal ideals and values Formal Operational

  17. Going through the stages depends on nature (maturation of the nervous system) and nurture ( a person’s experiences) Variations

  18. Intellectual disability – not an emotional one and usually not a physical one • May withdraw if treated as if they cannot hear hurtful words or if treated than less capable than they are Mental Retardation

  19. Complex causes – may be a combination of genetic and environmental factors • Environment plays a large role in the ability to live a “normal” life Mental retardation

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