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Hypoxia

Hypoxia. AHF 2203 Puan Rosdalila Roslan. Atmosphere. Gases of the atmosphere. Standard Pressure/Temp With The Increase Of Altitude. Overview. Definition.

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Hypoxia

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  1. Hypoxia AHF 2203 PuanRosdalilaRoslan

  2. Atmosphere

  3. Gases of the atmosphere

  4. Standard Pressure/Temp With The Increase Of Altitude

  5. Overview

  6. Definition Hypoxia means "reduced oxygen" or "not enough oxygen“. Most concern is with getting enough oxygen to the brain. Any reduction in mental function while flying can result in life-threatening errors.

  7. Causes Hypoxia can be caused by several factors including: • insufficient supply of oxygen, • inadequate transportation of oxygen, or • the inability of the body tissues to use oxygen.

  8. Forms of Hypoxia

  9. Hypoxic Hypoxia

  10. Hypoxic hypoxia is a result of insufficient oxygen available to the lungs. • Although the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is constant, but pressure decreases proportionately as atmospheric pressure decreases. This situation leads to only fewer molecules available at the pressure required for them to pass between the membranes in the respiratory system.

  11. Hypoxic Hypoxia Reduced pO2 in the lungs (high altitude) A deficiency in Alveolar oxygen exchange Red blood cells Body tissue

  12. HypemicHypoxia

  13. This occurs when the blood is not able to take up and transport a sufficient amount of oxygen to the cells in the body. • Hypemicmeans "not enough blood." This type of hypoxia is a result of oxygen deficiency in the blood, rather than a lack of inhaled oxygen, and can be caused by a variety of factors.

  14. Hypemic Hypoxia An oxygen deficiency due to reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood + + + + + + + + + + + + Low- Haemoglobin + + +

  15. Stagnant Hypoxia

  16. Stagnant hypoxia results when the oxygen-rich blood in the lungs isn't moving, for one reason or another, to the tissues that need it. • An arm or leg going to sleep because the blood flow has accidentally been shut off is one form of stagnant hypoxia. • This kind of hypoxia can also result from shock, the heart failing to pump blood effectively, or a constricted artery.

  17. Causes: • During flight, stagnant hypoxia can occur when pulling excessive positive Gs. • Cold temperatures also can reduce circulation and decrease the blood supplied.

  18. Stagnant Hypoxia Adequate oxygen Reduced blood flow Blood moving slowly Red blood cells not replenishing tissue needs fast enough G-Forces

  19. Histotoxic Hypoxia

  20. The inability of the cells to effectively use oxygen is defined as histotoxic hypoxia. • In this case, plenty of oxygen is being transported to the cells that need it, but they are unable to make use of it.

  21. Causes: • This impairment of cellular respiration can be caused by alcohol and other drugs, such as narcotics and poisons. • Research has shown that drinking one ounce of alcohol can equate to about an additional 2,000 feet of physiological altitude.

  22. Histotoxic Hypoxia Inability of the cell to accept or use oxygen Adequate oxygen Red blood cells retain oxygen Alcohol Poisoned tissue

  23. Symptoms

  24. The common symptoms of hypoxia: • Cyanosis (blue fingernails and lips) • Headache • Decreased reaction time • Impaired judgment • Euphoria • Visual impairment • Drowsiness • Light-headed or dizzy sensation • Tingling in fingers and toes • Numbness As altitude increases above 10,000 feet, the symptoms of hypoxia increase in severity, and the time of useful consciousness rapidly decreases.

  25. Symptomology & Altitude Frequency of Occurrence

  26. Preventions

  27. Avoid alcohol and smoking • Healthy Diet • Good physical condition • Lower altitudes • Avoid temperature extremes • Slower Climb rates

  28. Immediately use supplemental oxygen • System on, Mask on, breathe normally • Check operation of oxygen equipment • Don’t wait for problems • Make emergency descent if oxygen is not available

  29. Part 91.211 Supplemental Oxygen

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