Honors Chemistry Summer assignment

1. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video A1: Honors Chemistry Website

2. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video A2: Laboratory Preparation

3. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Identify and explain the use of laboratory equipment.

4. Beaker • Glass used to hold or heat solutions. • Although it has graduations, it is NOT USED FOR MEASUREMENT!

5. Erlenmeyer Flask • Cone like shaped glass used for heating and filtering solutions. • Although it has graduations, it is NOT USED FOR MEASUREMENT!

6. Graduated Cylinder • Measures volumes of liquids to nearest 0.01mL • The plastic rim is used to protect the glass from breaking if the cylinder is accidentally tipped over.

7. Burette/Buret • Used to dispense small amount of liquids. Read to nearest 0.01mL. • Read upside down! • More accurate than a cylinder.

8. Pipette • Plastic pipettes are only used to deliver small amounts of unmeasured solutions. • Graduated glass pipettes are very accurate way of delivering small amounts of liquids read to 0.01mL or better.

9. Volumetric Flask • The most accurate piece of glassware. • Measures liquids to a very specific volume.

10. Balance • Used to measure masses of substances to nearest 0.01g. • Can be “tared”.

11. Mortar and Pestle • Used to grind solids into smaller pieces.

12. Well Plate • Provides small places to test reactions on a microscale.

13. Bunsen Burner • Used to heat substances. • Follow all safety procedures given by instructor.

14. Clamp and Ring Stand • Used to hold beakers, thermometers, funnels, and other material in place when heating.

15. Crucible • Porcelain cup used to heat substances very hot. • Caution: porcelain gets very hot!

16. Evaporating Dish • Used to hold solutions while heating to evaporate them.

17. Funnel • Used with filter paper and a flask to filter and separate liquids from solids.

18. Graphs • The independent variable is the factor that you have control over and change yourself. It belongs on the x-axis. • The dependent variable is the factor being measured belongs on the y-axis.

19. Objectives Now you should be able to… Identify and explain the use of laboratory equipment.

20. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video A3: Percent, Decimals, Fractions, and Estimating

21. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Calculate simple decimal, percent, and fraction examples relating to chemistry calculations.

22. Decimals • To solve decimal calculations without a calculator: • Ignore the decimal and multiply normally first • Count the TOTAL number of decimal places in the numbers and ADD them back to my first answer • 0.3 x 4 = 3 x 4 = 12 = 1.2 ignore decimal solve replace one decimal • 0.2 x 35 = 2 x 35 = 70 = 7 ignore decimal solve replace one decimal • 0.25 x 0.004 = 25x 4 = 100 = 0.00100 ignore decimal solve replace 5 total decimals

23. Decimals This also works with division but you add places BEFORE the decimal based on the two number’s decimal DIFFERENCE: • 24 / 0.4 = 24 / 4 = 6= 60 ignore decimal solve replace one extra place before decimal • 120 / 0.03 = 120 / 3 = 40 = 4000 ignore decimal solve replace two extra places before decimal • 0.3 / 0.003 = 3/3 = 1 = 100 ignore decimal solve replace 2 extra places before decimal

24. Percent • 10% means move the decimal one places smaller. • 10% of 356 is 35.6 • 10% of 400 is 40 • 20% can be solved by multiplying by 0.2 or by taking 10% twice. • 20% of 500 = .2 x 500 = 100 or 10% is 50 times 2 = 100

25. Percent • All percent's can be done this way. But 50% is easy because it is half and 25% is a quarter or half of half. • 50% of 50 is 25. • 25% of 250 is half of 125 = 62.5

26. Estimating • 25.34 x 1.890 x 0.00318 x 4.1689 x 9.823 • Simplify the numbers to 1-2 numbers each • 25 x 2 x 0.003 x 4 x 10 • Find numbers that are easiest to calculate and reduce • (25 x 2 = 50 x 4 = 200 x 10 = 2000) x 0.003 • 2000 x 0.003 = 6

27. Objectives Now you should be able to… Calculate simple decimal, percent, and fraction examples relating to chemistry calculations.

28. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video A4: Scientific Method

29. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Utilize and explain the steps of the scientific method. Classify measurements and observations as qualitative or quantitative. Classify measurements and observations as intensive or extensive.

30. The Scientific Method • Identify the Problem or Purpose • Collect Information • Form a Hypothesis Including • Claim: Your intelligent guess • Evidence: Examples relating to your guess • Reasoning: Explanation of your guess • Create a Procedure • Record Observations • Analyze data/ Make Inferences • Draw Conclusions/Amend Hypothesis

31. Observation versus Inference • Observations use the senses. You observe what you can hear, smell, touch, hear or taste. Most students will have the same observations recorded. • Inferences are small conclusions you make based on your observation. Many students will generate different inferences.

32. Observations and Inferences

33. Observations Observations are made many ways. They can be either: Qualitative: appearance or behaviors: not measured Quantative: a mathematical description. and either Extensive: dependant on the amount of matter Intensive: dependant on type of matter

34. Qual or Quant and Intensive or Extensive? Rough or smooth Shiny or dull Large or small Kinetic energy

35. Objectives Now you should be able to… Utilize and explain the steps of the scientific method. Classify measurements and observations as qualitative or quantitative. Classify measurements and observations as intensive or extensive.

36. Now What? • Please practice problems in the summer assignment handout. • Email chemisme@gmail.com or chat me on Remind if you have questions.

37. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video B1: Scientific Notation

38. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Convert numbers into and out of scientific notation.

39. Scientific Notation What is the purpose for using scientific notation in science?

40. Scientific Notation M x 10nM is between 1 and 10 n is the number of decimal spaces moved to make M

41. Rules • Find the decimal point. If it is not written, it is at the end of the number. • Move the decimal point to make the number between 1 and 10 • Place the number of space you moved the decimal in the n spot. • If you original number was above 1, the exponent is positive. If the number was smaller that 1, the exponent is negative.

42. Examples • 1020000 is equal to • 1.02x106 • 0.00789 is equal to • 7.89x10-3 • 3.45x105 is equal to • 345000 • 1.23x10-4 is equal to • 0.000123

43. Objectives Now you should be able to… Convert numbers into and out of scientific notation.

44. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video B2: Scientific Notation Multiply and Divide

45. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Multiply and divide numbers in scientific notation without a calculator.

46. Scientific Notation in Mathematics Multiplication and Division: • Multiply or divide the base numbers. • When multiplying, add exponents. When dividing, subtract exponents. (8x105)(2x103) = 16x108 or 1.6x109 (8x105)/(2x103) = 4x102

47. Examples • (2x106) x (4x107) = 8x1013 • (1x108) x (5x10-2) = 5x106 • (8x108) / (4x104) = 2x104 • (9x106) / (3x10-2) = 3x108

48. Objectives Now you should be able to… Multiply and divide numbers in scientific notation without a calculator.

49. Honors Chemistry Summer assignment Video B3: Scientific Notation Adding and Subtracting

50. Objectives By the end of this video you should be able to… Fix numbers that are not in proper scientific notation. Add and subtract numbers in scientific notation without a calculator.