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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides. The elements which make up carbohydrates are:. Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O). Monosaccharides -Single Sugar- . Monosaccharides are: Sweet tasting Soluble in water Reducing sugars.

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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

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  1. Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

  2. The elements which make up carbohydrates are: • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Oxygen (O)

  3. Monosaccharides -Single Sugar- • Monosaccharides are: • Sweet tasting • Soluble in water • Reducing sugars These are the basic building blocks of other carbohydrates of which are the reducing sugars: • Glucose • Fructose The Formula for glucose is C6 H12 O6

  4. Disaccharides -Double Sugars- • May be non-reducing • Sweet tasting • Water soluble Disaccharides are formed by CONDENSATION REACTION of 2 Monosaccharides, the bond is called a glycosidic bond. • Sucrose • Maltose

  5. Condensation Reactions The chemical reaction that links monosaccharides together to produce polymers (disaccharides etc) is called a CONDENSATION REACTION. Examples include: • 2 glucose molecules to form maltose • A glucose and a fructose to form sucrose

  6. 2 Glucose to form Maltose + Hydrolysis Condensation H2O

  7. A Glucose and a Fructose to form Sucrose + Condensation Hydrolysis H2O

  8. Summary So… • CLASSIFICATION: The basic sugar unit = the saccharide • 1 sugar unit = Monosaccaride • 2 sugar units = Disaccharide Examples of Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose Examples of Disaccharides: Maltose, Sucrose These are formed by CONDENSATION REACTIONS To reverse the reaction it is called HYDROLYSIS

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