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Disorders of the Endocrine System

Disorders of the Endocrine System. Thyroid Gland. Hormone : Thyroxin Overactivity (Too much hormone) Increased metabolic rate Increased food intake but loss of weight Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) Goiter (swollen neck, maybe bulging eyes). Goiter. Thyroid Gland. Hormone: Thyroxin

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Disorders of the Endocrine System

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  1. Disorders of the Endocrine System

  2. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Overactivity (Too much hormone) • Increased metabolic rate • Increased food intake but loss of weight • Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) • Goiter (swollen neck, maybe bulging eyes)

  3. Goiter

  4. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Underactivity (Not enough hormone) • Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s disease) - Reduced metabolic rate • Low food intake but gain of weight • Myxoedema (when onset in adults) • Cretinism (when onset in children) • Can also cause a goiter

  5. Myxoedema • Puffiness (swelling) • Fatigue • Obesity • Dry, thickened skin • Mental impairment • Thin, brittle hair

  6. Cretinism • Protuberant abdomen • Short Stature • Infertility • Neurological impairment • Constant Fatigue • Obesity

  7. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Calcitonin Overactivity - Increased Bone Ca, decreased Blood Ca - Tetany (nerve problems leading to muscle spasms or cramps) Underactivity - Increase Blood Ca, decreased Bone Ca • Osteoporosis (brittle bones) • Kidney stones

  8. Parathyroid Glands Hormone: Parathormone (PTH) Underactivity • Low Blood calcium, High Bone Ca • Tetany Overactivity • High Blood calcium, Low Bone Ca • Osteoporosis

  9. Pancreas Hormone: Insulin Overactivity • Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) • Hypoglycemia Underactivity • High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes

  10. Pancreas Hormone: Glucagon Overactivity • High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) • Diabetes Underactivity • Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) • Hyper insulinism

  11. Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormone:Growth Hormone Overactive • Gigantism (children - very tall) • Acromegaly (adults - bones & skin thicken) Underactive - Dwarfism (very short)

  12. The man holding the baby in the photo is 8 ft, 2.5 inches tall Gigantism

  13. Acromegaly

  14. Dwarfism occurs when there is short supply of GH in childhood. There are two types of dwarfism – Lorrain and Frohlich’s Dwarfism

  15. Overactive Goiter Hyperthyroidism Grave’s Disease Underactive Goiter Hypothyroidism Hashimoto’s Disease Myxoedema (adults) Cretinism (kids) Thyroxin – increases metabolic rate

  16. Overactive Tetany Underactive Kidney Stones Osteoporosis Calcitonin – Increase Ca uptake by bones and decrease Ca level in blood

  17. Overactive Kidney Stones Osteoporosis Underactive Tetany Parathormone (PTH) – inc. Ca level in blood, dec. Ca level in bone

  18. Overactive Hypoglycemia Hyperinsulinism (insulin shock) Underactive Hyperglycemia Diabetes Insulin – dec. blood sugar levels

  19. Calcitonin Vs. Parathormone Blood Ca Blood Ca Blood Ca Blood Ca Tetany • Osteoporosis • Kidney Stones Blood Ca Blood Ca Tetany • Osteoporosis • Kidney Stones

  20. Overactive Hyperglycemia Diabetes Underactive Hypoglycemia Hyperinsulinism Glucagon – inc. blood sugar levels

  21. Insulin vs Glucagon BSL BSL BSL BSL BSL Hypoglycemia • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes BSL Hypoglycemia • Hyperglycemia • Diabetes

  22. Overactive Gigantism (children) Acromegaly (adults) Underactive Dwarfism (Frohlich’s and Lorrain) GH - Growth Hormone – increases bone growth

  23. Overactive Skin darkens Under active Skin will not darken Most severe condition is albinism MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone – causes color cells (melanocytes) in skin to darken

  24. Overactive Unknown Underactive Sterility LH, FSH, ICTH – sex hormones in males and females that aid in sperm or egg (gamete) production

  25. Corticoid imbalances: ADDISON’S DISEASE – RARE http://hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu/ui/addisons/plate1.html https://www.google.com/search?q=cushing+syndrome+picture&newwindow=1&tbm=isch&imgil=i4SmlQRCgGCoMM%253A%253BG_ueIwrtnqoQnM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fmedicineconspectus.blogspot.com%25252F2014%25252F06%25252Fcushing-syndrome-hypercorticism-adrenal.html&source=iu&pf=m&fir=i4SmlQRCgGCoMM%253A%252CG_ueIwrtnqoQnM%252C_&usg=__RFAxiPerBprh01T7C56wx96irXY%3D&biw=1280&bih=855&ved=0CD0Qyjc&ei=XSwsVZ3NF5HksAS2yoCYAg#imgrc=i4SmlQRCgGCoMM%253A%3BG_ueIwrtnqoQnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg.docstoccdn.com%252Fthumb%252Forig%252F77842308.png%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fmedicineconspectus.blogspot.com%252F2014%252F06%252Fcushing-syndrome-hypercorticism-adrenal.html%3B1500%3B1125

  26. Overactive Cushing’s Syndrome Underactive Addison’s Disease Decreased cortisol and/or aldosterone production Corticoids – inc. blood pressure, inc. food metabolism and dec. inflammation

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