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Ending WWI. Change High Point. Germany seemed in good position after Brest-Litovsk No 2-front war Could put all of its energy into the Western front Germany pushed through the Italian front in Oct. 1917 (Battle of Captreto). German Officers in Brest-Litovsk.
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Change High Point • Germany seemed in good position after Brest-Litovsk • No 2-front war • Could put all of its energy into the Western front • Germany pushed through the Italian front in Oct. 1917 (Battle of Captreto) German Officers in Brest-Litovsk
But, Germany’s fate changed due to… • British blockade (illegally against food & clothing in addition to military contraband) very effective • US entry protected shipping (convoy system) – higher rates of successful deliveries • US entry blunted the uplift in German morale • Brutal German policy in E. Europe maintained revolts
One last try…. • Germany’s March offensive on the W. Front • Allies turned it around in July (supported by tanks) • Allies in Salonika & Paive collapse the Bulgarian & Italian Fronts • Erich Ludendorff urges armistice • Revolution pushes German princes to abdicate by Nov. 9 • 11am, 11/11/1918 - ARMISTICE
The Paris Peace Conference • January 1919 • Big Four – France, UK, US, Italy • War is global in character, so the settlement must be global • Complex- never measured up to beligerent nations’ expectations
1.Traditional/National French PM Clemenceau Pasic of Serbia Venizelos of Greece Benes of Czech Pederewski of Poland 2.New Vision/Supranational Wilson (League of Nations) Smuts Britian - moderately TWO APPROACHES TO PEACE
The Real Power… • Committees negotiated – many countries represented • Big 4 (really Big 3) decided • All 4 had to compromise • All 4 displaced shortly after
OUTCOMES???? You decide…..