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Plant Anatomy and Physiology

Just the Concepts. Plant Anatomy and Physiology. 3 rd Quarter. And some Important Processes. Plant Cells. Describe the structures of a typical plant cell and their functions; and Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Objectives. Cell Tiny structure – Building blocks of plants

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Plant Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Just the Concepts Plant Anatomy and Physiology 3rd Quarter

  2. And some Important Processes Plant Cells

  3. Describe the structures of a typical plant cell and their functions; and • Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Objectives

  4. Cell • Tiny structure – Building blocks of plants • All organisms are made of one or more cells • Plants are multicellular organisms • Each cell performs a specific purpose • They make up tissues that perform a specific function Cell Structures

  5. Each cell is made up of several small parts that all help in the cellular processes • Organelles • Important Organelles • Cell Wall • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Chloroplasts Cell Structures

  6. Cell Wall • Surrounds the cell • Provides structure to the cell • Controls movement of material in and out of the cell • Nucleus • Contains protoplasm, chromosomes, and other structures that control cell activity • Holds the organism’s DNA • Cell reproduction begins here Cell Structures

  7. Cytoplasm • Thick solution in the cell that surrounds the nucleus • Contains all of the other organelles • Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis takes place here • Contain chlorophyll which gives the plant its green color Cell Structures

  8. There are two main types of cellular reproduction • Mitosis • Normal cell reproduction to create new cells for growth and replacement of dying cells • Meiosis • Cell reproduction for making male and female sex cells • Provides genetic diversity Cell Reproduction

  9. Mitosis • DNA is duplicated and condensed into chromosomes • Nuclear membrane dissolves • Copies of DNA are separated • Two new nuclear membranes form • Cell splits and a new cell wall forms in between the daughter cells Cell Reproduction

  10. Meiosis • DNA is duplicated and condensed into chromosomes • Chromosome pairs are separated • Two new cells are formed but the process is not over • Chromosomes line up in both cells, split, and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell • Four total cells with half of the DNA of a normal cell is the result • These four cells are only used in sexual reproduction • They must unite with another sex cell through fertilization to produce a seed Cell Reproduction

  11. Cell Reproduction

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