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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration. Living things need energy…. Our bodies have a lot of work to do every day… Moving muscles, Building essential molecules, and Transporting substances across cell membranes. Where do we get energy?.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

  3. Living things need energy… • Our bodies have a lot of work to do every day… • Moving muscles, • Building essential molecules, and • Transporting substances across cell membranes.

  4. Where do we get energy? • Food provides the energy living things need to grow and reproduce. • Food is the source of the material our cells use to build new molecules.

  5. How much energy is present in food? • Quite a lot! • One gram of the sugar glucose (C6H12O6) when burned in the presence of oxygen, releases 3,811 calories of heat energy. • A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

  6. What is cellular respiration? • Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy carbon dioxide + water + ATP oxygen + glucose Breakdown of Glucose (exergonic reaction) releases energy in a form that can be used by cells ATP

  7. Where does cellular respiration take place? 3Pathways • The beginning pathway of cellular respiration, glycolysis, takes place in the cell cytoplasm. • The two remaining pathways—the Krebs Cycle (matrix) and • ETC electrontransport(Cristae)—take place inside the mitochondria of the cell.

  8. CR occurs in almost all organisms. CR occurs in organelles called _____________ mitochondria. Mitochondrial structure: Inner membrane Outer membrane Cristae Matrix cytoplasm

  9. Aerobic Cellular respiration • Glycolysis: a glucose molecule is split in half to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid 2(3C sugar) = 2 ATP made • Krebs Cycle: pyruvic acid is broken down to produce carbon dioxide, NAD, FADH2 & 2 ATP. Sometimes called the citric acid cycle because citric acid is first formed. • Electron Transport Chain: uses the high-energy electrons in NAD & FADH2 from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP = 32 total: H2O is produced GLUCOSE C6H1206 2 ATP 2 ATP 32 ATP

  10. Totals • Gycolysis 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP • Total = 36 ATP

  11. What happens if oxygen is not available? • Glycolysis is then followed by a different pathway. • The combined process of this pathway and glycolysis is called fermentation. • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen (Anaerobic process)

  12. Anaerobic Processes • No oxygen is required for these processes. • Includes glycolysis ( the breakdown of glucose) and fermentation. • Some bacteria and yeast are examples of anaerobes.

  13. Fermentation • Pyruvic Acid can be broken down by: • Alcoholic fermentation..AF • Lactic acid fermentation…LAF • AF makes ethyl alcohol and CO2– yeast can ferment apple juice to fill a balloon. • LAF makes lactic acid. It can build up in muscles during strenuous exercise and cause burning and soreness.

  14. Book Video to summarize Cellular Respiration: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bz5-T4p8WEQ&feature=related

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