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Neurochips and Neural Telemedicine

Neurochips and Neural Telemedicine. Jaideep Mavoori University of Washington (currently at Neurovista). Collaborators: Andy Jackson + , Eb Fetz (Biophysics and Neurophysiology) Tom Daniel (Biology) Chris Diorio (Computer Science) + Currently at Newcastle University. Neural Telemedicine.

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Neurochips and Neural Telemedicine

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  1. Neurochips and Neural Telemedicine Jaideep Mavoori University of Washington (currently at Neurovista) Collaborators:Andy Jackson+, Eb Fetz (Biophysics and Neurophysiology)Tom Daniel (Biology)Chris Diorio (Computer Science) +Currently at Newcastle University

  2. Neural Telemedicine Detect abnormalities & their evolution Diagnose Issue alerts Initiate curative actions Acquire Monitor Single neuronsLocal field potentialsECoGEEG EMG Track pathological waveforms Trigger repair mechanisms Drug delivery Electrical stimulation JM

  3. Biological Motor Control Photo courtesy of UW PWB program JM

  4. Conventional neurophysiology of restrained primates Filters + Amplifiers Recording Analog to Digital Converter Spike discriminator Stimulator Analysis JM

  5. Option 1 - Telemetry systems: • high power consumption • limited range • transmission delays JM

  6. Option 2 - Implantable microelectronics: • autonomous operation • low power • limited processing capability JM

  7. Primate Brain Computer Interface Connector 50μm diameter tungsten wire Polyamide guide-tubes Skull JM

  8. Neurochip BCI User interfaces: PDA (Lyme) PC (MatLab) JM

  9. Architecture of the neurochip • Two Cypress Programmable System-on-Chips (PSoCs) • Front-end signal processing (filtering, DC offset + amplification) • Neural signal sampled at 12ksp/s • 2 EMG signals sampled at 2.7ksp/s • Real-time spike discrimination • Spike rate and mean rectified EMG compiled for user-defined timebins • 2 x 8Mb non-volatile FLASH memory • Biphasic, constant-current stimulator (±15V, ~100μA) • Infra-red link to PC or PDA JM

  10. M1 and muscle activity during natural behaviour: IEEE TNSRE, 2006 JM

  11. M1 and muscle activity during natural behaviour: IEEE TNSRE, 2006 JM

  12. M1 and muscle activity during natural behaviour: IEEE TNSRE, 2006 JM

  13. Long-term recording of cell activity: Continuous recording of a single M1 neuron for 2 weeks. J. Neurophysiol. 2007 JM

  14. MI-Motor Model System properties? Corticalactivity Muscle output How time-invariant is this system ? How does the model compare in task and free behaviours ? Can we alter the system properties ? JM

  15. Motor Pathway Modeling JM

  16. Motor Pathway Modeling JM

  17. MI-Motor Model Findings: • Over several neurons and muscles, aspects of the system are linear and time-invariant. • The relationships translate from task to free-behaviour as well as from day to day. • Advantageous for neural prosthetics:Parameters for limb mechanics can possibly be learnt during a training segment and applied during a wide range of daily activities. JM

  18. Altering system properties:Cortical remapping with the Neurochip Neurons that fire together, wire together. Induce correlated firing between neighboring sites Long-lasting changes in biological wiring Nature 2006 JM

  19. Altering system properties:Cortical remapping with the Neurochip Neurons that fire together, wire together. Induce correlated firing between neighboring sites Long-lasting changes in biological wiring Nature 2006 JM

  20. Neurochip conditioning JM

  21. Neurochip conditioning JM

  22. Motor cortex plasticity induced by Neurochip conditioning Movements evoked from the recording site changed to resemble those evoked from the stimulation site. JM

  23. Motor cortex plasticity induced by Neurochip conditioning • Additional findings: • Timing from spike to stimulation is critical. Delay of 20 ms produced strongest conditioning effect. • Conditioning effects last for several days. Useful for repairing damage caused by spinal chord injury or neural disorder. JM

  24. Monitor Detect early onset Diagnose Repair JM

  25. Monitor Detect early onset Diagnose Repair Early stages of neural telemedicine Early stages of neural disorders JM

  26. Miniature chips for insect flight studies 5th Generation 3rd Generation 1st Generation 2nd Generation 4th Generation (top) (top) (top) (top) 1cm 1cm 0.9cm x 1cm0.6g (no battery) (bottom) (bottom) (bottom) (bottom) 1cm x 1.27cm0.42g (no battery) 1cm x 3cm x 0.5cm1.47g (without battery) 1cm x 1.9cm x 0.4cm0.85g (without battery) 1cm x 1.25cm x 0.25cm0.25g (without battery) JM

  27. Acknowledgements: Tom Daniel Chris Diorio Eb Fetz Andy Jackson Supported by NIH, ONR, UW Royalty Research Fund, Packard Foundation. JM

  28. JM

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