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CASE #8

CASE #8. PATIENT PRESENTATION. PATIENT PRESENTATION. SIGNALMENT: ~4-5yr old, intact, male, DMH PRESENTING COMPLAINT: inappetant, hypersalivation, lethargy

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CASE #8

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  1. CASE #8

  2. PATIENT PRESENTATION

  3. PATIENT PRESENTATION • SIGNALMENT: ~4-5yr old, intact, male, DMH • PRESENTING COMPLAINT: inappetant, hypersalivation, lethargy • Hx: indoor/outdoor cat, has not had vaccinations in over 3 years. Cat has had a few fights with other neighborhood cats over the years, but nothing serious.

  4. PATIENT PRESENTATION • PHYSICAL EXAM: • Gingivitis, stomatitis • Wt. loss • Temp: 103.5, HR: 200, RR:36 • Mm: pale , CRT: 2sec • Other clinical signs may include: • Gingivitis, stomatitis • Chronic fever • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Chronic URI • cachexia • Chronic, unresponsive skin/ear infections

  5. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS • CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRIES • FeLV/FIV ELISA • All unvaccinated outdoor cats should be tested for these diseases as they are contagious and without cure

  6. DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS • CBC • Anemia, lymphopenia • ELISA positive • THIS IS AN ANTIBODY TEST, not antigen – there will be interference by maternal antibodies and vaccination! • Test result may be supported by other lab tests such as IFA, Western blot, & PCR

  7. TRANSMISSION • TRANSMISSION • Most infections are acquired through horizontal transmission among adult male, sexually intact cats • Fight and bite wounds appear to be the major route of transmission. • It is possible to transmit the virus vertically to neonatal kittens, but the virus is not easily transmitted this way.

  8. TREATMENT • SEE FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS • DENTAL SURGERY • Whole mouth extraction of teeth may be necessary in cats with chronic stomatitis and gingivitis

  9. CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS • Although FIV is morphologically and biochemically similar to HIV, it poses no threat to humans • Infected cats may survive for prolonged periods before experiencing advanced stages of the disease • Some may be asymptomatic for 10+ yrs • Keep FIV pos cats indoors • Keep FIV pos cats free of stress and concurrent disease

  10. CASE #9

  11. PATIENT PRESENTATION

  12. PATIENT PRESENTATION • SIGNALMENT: ~6mth old neutered, male DSH • PRESENTING COMPLAINT: depression, feels “hot”, looks yellow, painful abdomen, and difficulty breathing. Cat began to act strange over the last week. Poor appetite, soft stool • Hx: indoor/outdoor cat, fully vaccinated, but not against FeLV and FIV, microchipped, often brings “gifts of mice” home

  13. PATIENT PRESENTATION • PHYSICAL EXAM • Temp: 104.1, HR:220, RR:40, shallow • Depression • Labored breathing • Icteric mm, CRT: difficult to assess, >2sec • Painful on abdominal palpation • OS: signs of inflammation/uveitis

  14. PATIENT PRESENTATION

  15. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS • CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRIES • Elevated ALT. ALP, total bilirubin • CBC WNL • FeLV/FIV Test • Neg/Neg • Thoracic radiographs • pneumonia • Paired titers • ELISA • FECAL • See next slide

  16. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS PNEUMONIA IS MOST COMMON IN NEONATALLY NEONATALLY OR TRANSPLACENTALLY INFECTED CATS

  17. TOXOPLASMA OOCYTS THESE OOCYTS ARE DIFFICULT & RARE TO FIND

  18. TRANSMISSION & LIFE CYCLE • TRANSMISSION: • EATING CONTAMINATED MEAT • Ingestion of uncooked or undercooked meat is most likely the main route of infection in both cats and humans. • Fecal – oral route • Transplacental route • Cats are the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii, but several animal can serve as intermediate hosts

  19. TRANSMISSION & LIFE CYCLE CATS ONLY SHED OOCYTS IN THE FECES FOR 1-2 WEEKS THE OOCYTS BECOME INFECTIVE AFTER 1-5 DAYS TACHYZOITES ARE THE RAPIDLY DIVIDING STAGE OF THIS PARASITE THAT INFECTS THE TISSUES

  20. TREATMENT & PROGNOSIS • Clindamycin or Trimethoprim Sulfa for 2-3 weeks (may require 4 weeks treatment) • Prognosis is poor for young patients with hepatic or respiratory involvement, but good for the older cat with minimal or no signs of disease

  21. TRANSMISSION & LIFE CYCLE

  22. CLIENT INFORMATION • Exposure to Toxoplasma is common – 30%-60% of adult humans are seropositive • Humans who are immunosuppressed should avoid contact with infected cats • Have someone else clean the litter box • Avoid getting a new cat during pregnancy • Have antibody titers checked before getting pregnant • Infection during the 1st or 2nd trimester can lead to birth defects • Cook all meat thoroughly • DON’T PANIC

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