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Veterinary Virology

Veterinary Virology. Clinical presentation Diagnosis Molecular characteristics Treatment Disease control. Lilly – 8 week old beagle x spaniel. Diagnostic tests. Canine parvovirus. ssDNA virus, 5000 nucleotides Non enveloped Discovered in late 1970s

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Veterinary Virology

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  1. Veterinary Virology • Clinical presentation • Diagnosis • Molecular characteristics • Treatment • Disease control

  2. Lilly – 8 week old beagle x spaniel

  3. Diagnostic tests

  4. Canine parvovirus • ssDNA virus, 5000 nucleotides • Non enveloped • Discovered in late 1970s • Replicates in rapidly dividing cells • intestinal cells - enteritis • lymphoid cells - panleukopaenia

  5. Treatment of canine parvovirus • IVFT • Antibiotics • Analgesia • Gastroprotectants • Anti-emetics

  6. Prevention • Vaccination • Parvovirus • Canine adenovirus 1+2 • Distemper • Parainfluenza virus • (Leptospirosis) • (Coronavirus) • (Rabies) • Isolation – strict biosecurity

  7. Bobby, 2 year old MN rabbit

  8. Myxomatosis Classic clinical signs • Swelling of eyelids with ocular discharge • Swellings around nose and base of ear • Swollen genitalia • Very lethargic and inappatent

  9. Virus characteristics • Pox virus, ‘myxoma virus’ • Enveloped, dsDNA, 162,000nt genome • Avoids recognition by immune system - produce proteins that mimic host cell receptors and cytokines • Discovered in 1896, Uruguay • Benign infection in South American rabbits, but fatal disease in European rabbit Oryctalaguscuniculus

  10. Treatment and control • No known treatment. 95% die of infection within a few days • Vaccination • Every 6 months • Viral haemorrhagic disease virus

  11. Hill Farm, 60 head beef cattle, 400 sheep

  12. Foot and Mouth virus (FMDV) • Picornavirus • +vessRNA, non enveloped, 8.4Kbp genome • Transmitted by direct contact, fomites and aerosol • Replicates in epithelium at entry site before inducing viraemia • Does it kill all hosts?

  13. Control • Cull • Strict biosecurity • Enforced movement bans / quarantine • Vaccination?

  14. Litter of kittens, 6 weeks old

  15. ‘Cat Flu’ – FCV, FHV and chlamydophila Feline calicivirus [FCV] • ssRNA non enveloped virus • Numerous strains • Spread by oro/nasal secretions, direct or fomites • Can be acute or persistent • Variable clinical signs whilst shedding Stomatitis

  16. Feline herpesvirus [FHV] • dsDNAenveloped virus • Single strain • Acute initial infection 2-4wks, then establishes latency in up to 90% cases • Reactivation can occur after stress

  17. Treatment and control • TLC • Antibiotics • Decongestants Owner education is important Vaccination • FCV • FHV • Feline panleukopaeniavirus • Chlamydophila • FeLV

  18. Harris, ME 5yr old DSH

  19. Investigations

  20. Feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]

  21. Feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] • Retrovirus, ssRNA, 9400 nt • Identified in 1986 • Transmitted by saliva-blood contact e.g. bites • Initial viraemia, then only low levels of virus for x months before immunodeficiency develops • No recovery from infection occurs but cases can survive a number of years (similar to HIV) • 2-3% cats in UK have FIV

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