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World War II

World War II. Chapter 29 (pp. 838 – 854). The Rise of Fascism. The Rise of Fascism. After WWI, Italy and Germany Sought dramatic gov’t reforms Blamed ethnic minorities for troubles Fascist politicians Promised empire building & employment Fought spread of communism

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World War II

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  1. World War II Chapter 29 (pp. 838 – 854)

  2. The Rise of Fascism

  3. The Rise of Fascism • After WWI, Italy and Germany • Sought dramatic gov’t reforms • Blamed ethnic minorities for troubles • Fascist politicians • Promised empire building & employment • Fought spread of communism • Used propaganda & secret police to instill fear

  4. Mussolini’s Italy • After WWI, veterans in Italy struggled to find jobs • Joined fasci di combattimento(fighting units) • Demanded aid from politicians • Promoted militant nationalism • Turned into Fascist Party • Benito Mussolini • WWI vet. & leader of Fascists • Glorified warfare • 1921, elected Prime Minister • Forbid other political parties • Jailed opponents

  5. Hitler’s Germany • Treaty of Versailles & Great Depression ruined German economy • Adolf Hitler • WWI vet. • Wrote Mein Kampf • Member of National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazis) • 1933, Hitler elected Chancellor • Revenge for Treaty of Versailles • Annex all German-speaking territories (lebensraum) • Eliminate all Jews from Europe • Created social/economic policies that revived Germany

  6. The Road to War, 1933 - 1939

  7. The Road to War, 1933 - 1939 • 1933, Hitler & Mussolini began to mobilize • Germans • Increased military power (conscription) • Militarized the Rhineland & invaded Austria • Italians • Invaded Ethiopia • Munich Conference • Allied leaders (England, France) did not object to Hitler’s actions • Appeasement

  8. The Road to War, 1933 - 1939 • 1939, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia • Allied forces sought alliance with USSR • Hitler & Stalin had already signed Nazi-Soviet Pact agreeing to conquer and split Poland

  9. The War of Movement

  10. The War of Movement • WWII was a series of offensive battles • Motorized armaments • Germany’s Blitzkrieg • US & Japan’s use of aircraft carriers • “Total War” again put citizens in danger • Blockades, bombing raids, etc. • Ex. Dresden

  11. War in North Africa and Europe The European Theater

  12. War in North Africa and Europe • 1939 – 1940, Germans conquered: • Poland • Denmark • Norway • Netherlands • Belgium • France

  13. War in North Africa and Europe • Fall 1940, Battle of Britain • British RAF successfully defended against German air strikes • Better planes, radar & code-breaking machines

  14. War in North Africa and Europe • 1941, Battle of Stalingrad • Hitler broke Nazi-Soviet Pact • Germans were successful until winter of 1941 – 1942 • Massive Russian casualties

  15. War in North Africa and Europe • North African Campaign • Mussolini conquered Egypt & British Somaliland • Germans aided the Italians • Erwin Rommel • US aided the British • Dwight Eisenhower • Allies (US, England and France) defeated Axis (Germans, Italians, Japanese) in North Africa

  16. War in Asia and the Pacific The Pacific Theater

  17. War in Asia and the Pacific • 1941, Japan conquered French Indochina • In retaliation, Allies (US specifically) stopped shipments of fuel and industrial products to Japan • December 7, 1941, Japan attacked US forces at Pearl Harbor • Japan then proceeded to conquer Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands • Bataan Death March in the Philippines

  18. War in Asia and the Pacific • Allies led a series of offensives in the Pacific • Battle of the Coral Sea prevented Japanese from conquering Australia • Battle of Midway was a major Allied victory and signaled waning power of the Japanese

  19. The End of the War

  20. The End of the War • 1943, Soviets began offensive against Germany • 1944, Allies liberated France • 1945, Battle of the Bulge • Germany’s final offensive • Hitler committed suicide • Germany surrendered • May 8, 1945: V.E. Day

  21. The End of the War • 1944, Allied forces “leap-frogged” Pacific Islands • Slowly eroded power of Japanese • Battle of Iwo Jima & Okinawa • Massive US & Japanese casualties • August 1945, US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki • Japan surrendered • August 14, 1945: V.J. Day

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