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Medieval Exploration

Medieval Exploration. Myth of the Flat Earth. Early Explorers. Irish monks Asceticism Missionary zeal St. Columbanus (540-615) St. Brendan (6 th century) Iceland?. St. Brendan and his Sea Monster from a 15th century manuscript.

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Medieval Exploration

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  1. Medieval Exploration

  2. Myth of the Flat Earth

  3. Early Explorers • Irish monks • Asceticism • Missionary zeal • St. Columbanus (540-615) • St. Brendan (6th century) • Iceland?

  4. St. Brendan and his Sea Monster from a 15th century manuscript

  5. Kverkarhellircave and cross found at Seljalandshellar cave

  6. The “Dark” Ages • Germanic migrations • Foundation/Expansion of Islam • Subsistence agriculture (at best) • Breakdown of trade networks

  7. Return to Exploration • Crusades • 1095-?? • Crusader kingdoms in the Levant (1099-1291) • Cultural, intellectual, religious exchange • Prester John (1175)

  8. Mass Exploration: Pilgrimage • Local pilgrimage • International travel, especially to the Levant • Pilgrimage guides • Pilgrimage badges

  9. Johannes de Plano (1182-1252) • Franciscan friar • Visited court of the khan (QaraQorum) 1245-1247

  10. William of Rubruck (1220-1293) • Franciscan friar • Intense • To QaraQorum (1253-1255)

  11. Route of William of Rubruck

  12. John of Monte Corvino (1246-1328) • Commissioned as papal legate to Mongol court (1289)

  13. Multicultural Qara Qorum • Merchants • Silversmiths/craftsmen • Parisian/Venetian • Yanhzhou • Franciscan convent • European enclave

  14. Marco Polo (ca 1254-1324) • Venetian Merchant • Cathay- 17 years in the East • Diplomatic/exploration missions for the Khan • Governor of Yangzhou • Return to Venice • Prison • Il Milione

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