Jointness & its importance to National Security

Jointness & its importance to National Security

Colonel (Ret.) Pinhas Yehezkeally – Ph.D. • Co-founder and President of TECI, & the Knowledge Manager of the Israel National Defense College, IDF (INDC). • An expert in organization’s effectiveness and a researcher of networks, complex systems and organizational networks (not IT). • Previously, Head of Strategic and Policy Research in INSC. • Police Commander emeritus. • Ministry of Police R&D reward (1993).

I am honored to be here with you !

This presentation is very detailed, so that you will be able to use it when you get back home ...

Understanding Jointness

Partnerships – between & inside Agencies – is the most important area in the field of national security Demonstration 1

Especially when it is a question of survival Demonstration 1a

Jointness • The term “Jointness" was born in the US Department of Defense. • It express the highest level of Cooperation.

Jointness is the military term for cooperation

In the recent days you learned that a complex system is characterized by the dependence between its components! • Therefore, Jointness has a critical impact on its effectiveness. • However, for its components is an option only. They can act in a selfish way too!

Today and tomorrow, we will try to understand why! We will investigate Jointness in many areas of National Security.

The purpose of Jointness is synergy: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

Like a basketball team

Top Down, Proactively In self organization Jointness can be created

The first one describes a natural reaction to changes; The other: a condition imposed from above, often against the interests of the sub-system

Jointness in nature Self Organization

Self Organization As if the system knows how to 'do its own thing.'

The outcome of Self Organization is Emergence Hi, I'm bald!

המחשה Demonstration 2

Self Organization is one of the most important processes in Complex Systems! It is very important to National Security too!

An intersection in Hanoi Demonstration 3

Pattern that attracts more and more people and vehicles that followed Unwillingness to clash and the relative ease to follow someone else

Is it significantly different from the way ants move? Demonstration 4

The book that describes many self- organizations between various elements in nature:

Complex systems in nature behave similarlyto human’s complex systems Therefore, we will find self-organizing, both in the wild and in organizations

The classic example is the Self Organization of the genes They collaborate and influence each other in several ways; Affect the external environment and are affected by it

Without self-organization, A single ant can not reach the industry from the floor...

Dawkins calls Self Organization in nature “a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species”

An Example from nature of self-organization Demonstration 5

Another example: the ants and the fungi ...

The Ants grow a fungus garden and nurture it. They even protect them from bacteria. • In return, the fungi deconstruct for ants leaves the cellular proteins and sugars, and neutralize the toxins of protection of the tree from which the leaves were taken. In addition, they grow doughy lumps, that feed the ants.

During this symbiosis, which began fifty million years ago, the ants have lost their enzymes and digestive juices are completely dependent on the fungi;

And the fungi become dependent in terms of their defense, diets and even its distribution. • As evidence, when a colony of ants split in two, the retiring camp takes with him a pinch of fungi, to grow a new fungus garden…

One more… Demonstration 6

There are also examples of self-organization between humans and other creatures in nature Demonstration 7

Back to Organizations…

Departments & Individuals in an organization are interconnected, and conduct joint activities between them

The connections are the infrastructure (the pipes) that pass messages between the system components, such as information, materials and energy. They determine the strength and quality of the joint activities!

Increasing the Jointness between essential departments raises the organization productivity Connected only to management Deps. with low connectivity

Organizations are artificial systems They create joint actions through the hierarchy connections

But the working connections reflect self organizations

the working connections are the Immune System of the organization… … because, self-organization is the best ways to recover from surprises!

The amount of work connections usually ranges between 25% to 60% of the potential connections, depending on the type and size organization

קשרי עבודה זקוקים, בדרך כלל, לתנאי סף מתאימים על מנת לפעול באפקטיביות • היררכיות נמוכות; • חופש ארגוני; • היעדר חרדה ארגונית מכל סוג שהוא; • היקף משתתפים גדול יחסית; • רמת השתתפות גבוהה; • תנאים אלה המאופיינים באקראיות ובחוסר דטרמיניזם.

Working connections need usually minimum suitable conditions to act effectively • Low hierarchies; • Freedom of enterprise; • Lack of organizational anxiety of any kind; • Relatively large number of participants; • High participation; National security organizations are different!

Therefore, bureaucratic organizations suppress self-organization! Typically, only bureaucratic organizations with existential anxiety will cooperate!

Therefore, we can find self-organization in military & bureaucratic organizations (in matters of essence) usually, far from the center ...

But, when there are exceptions and the system allows self-organization It saves them many times, from lost situations ... For example, Napoleon & Marshal Dabo and the impossible victory of Jena & Auerstedt

China's transition to a capitalist economy became possible, because the leader, Deng, did not stop the process of self organization – the privatization of communes

In Cuba, poverty forced the government to allow citizens to open restaurants. The result: a huge self-organization!

Jointness & its importance to National Security