The United States in 1820’s : Not So United!

1. The United States in 1820’s : Not So United! The Missouri Compromise And Sectionalism

2. REGIONAL ECONOMIES CREATE DIFFERENCES • The Northeast continued to develop industry while the South and West continued to be more agricultural • The Industrial Revolution reached America by the early-mid 19th century • New England embraced factory system • Especially in textile (fabric) mills

3. SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL • Meanwhile, the South continued to grow as an agricultural power • Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) made producing cotton even more profitable • The South became a “Cotton Kingdom” • More labor was needed – 1790 = 700,000 slaves 1820 = 1,500,000 slaves Cotton Gin quickly separated cotton fiber from seeds

4. BALANCING NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM • Economic differences created political tension between North & South • As the regions moved apart, politicians attempted to keep nation together • House Speaker Henry Clay’s American System called for a protective tariff, a National Bank, and an improved infrastructure to help travel

5. 22 states in the Union in 1819. Half slave Half free equal representation in the U.S. Senate Missouri applied for statehood…

6. The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. Balance of Free and Slave States (1819) Original 13 States Free States Slave States

7. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • agreement where Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state • An imaginary line was drawn across the southern border of Missouri (at the latitude 36 30'N). • banned slavery in northern Louisiana Territory • kept the balance of slave and free states

8. • Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N. • Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri. Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

9. MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

10. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE • In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood • Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state • Henry Clay organized a compromise in which Missouri was “slave” but Maine would be “free” • Also Louisiana Territory split at 36 30’ north latitude HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT COMPROMISER