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Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of Protected Areas in India. Dr. V. B. Mathur Dean, Faculty of Wildlife Sciences, Wildlife Institute of India Chandrabani, Dehradun (Uttarakhand). INDIA Email: vbm@wii.gov.in. Background Disappearance of tiger in Sariska PMO’s directive to C&AG
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Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of Protected Areas in India Dr. V. B. Mathur Dean, Faculty of Wildlife Sciences, Wildlife Institute of India Chandrabani, Dehradun (Uttarakhand). INDIA Email: vbm@wii.gov.in
Background • Disappearance of tiger in Sariska • PMO’s directive to C&AG • PMO’s directive to MoEF
Audit, Evaluation, Assessment or What? The terminological confusion??? Need to reduce ambivalence and ambiguity and evolve a common understanding and vocabulary
Audit An independent, objective assurance activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to assess and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Note: a distinction is made between regularity (financial) auditing, which focuses on compliance with applicable statutes and regulations; and performance auditing, which is concerned with relevance, economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Internal auditing provides an assessment of internal controls undertaken by a unit reporting to management while external auditing is conducted by an independent organization.
Accountability Obligation to demonstrate that work has been conducted in compliance with agreed rules and standards or to report fairly and accurately on performance results vis-a-vis mandated roles and/or plans. This may require a careful, even legally defensible, demonstration that the work, is consistent with the contract terms. Note: Accountability in development may refer to the obligations of partners to act according to clearly defined responsibilities, roles and performance expectations, often with respect to the prudent use of resources. For evaluators, it connotes the responsibility to provide accurate, fair and .credible monitoring reports and performance assessment. For public sector managers and policy-makers, accountability is to taxpayers/citizens
Independent evaluation An evaluation carried out by entities and persons free of the control of those responsible for the design and implementation of the development intervention. Note: The credibility of an evaluation depends in part on how independently it has been carried out. Independence implies freedom from political influence and organizational pressure. It is characterized by full access to information and by full autonomy in carrying out investigations and reporting findings.
What is management effectiveness evaluation? ‘..the assessment of how well a protected area is being managed – primarily the extent to which it is protecting values and achieving goals and objectives’ WCPA Guidelines (2006) It includes consideration of: • design issues • the adequacy and appropriateness of management systems and processes • and the delivery of protected area objectives including conservation of values
What is management effectiveness evaluation? ‘..the assessment of how well a protected area is being managed – primarily the extent to which it is protecting values and achieving goals and objectives’ WCPA Guidelines (2006) It includes consideration of: • design issues • the adequacy and appropriateness of management systems and processes • and the delivery of protected area objectives including conservation of values
Why is management effectiveness an issue? • Protected areas are critical for in-situ conservation • Most protected areas are subject to multiple serious threats and many are degraded • 1992 review of protected areas found that three of the five most common threats were management deficiencies rather than direct impacts on resources more…
Management is not easy • Conflicting management objectives • Systems of governance • Adequate and appropriate resources • Implementation of some of the management prescriptions difficult.
Why should we bother? 1. Evaluation can help us manage better • by recording, observing and talking about the changes we see in the environment and looking for their causes • by encouraging a culture where we look and reflect on our management • by helping us to learn from our ‘mistakes’ and our ‘successes’ more…
Why should we bother? 1. Evaluation can help us manage better • by signalling global and local changes and threats • by showcasing management techniques for broader landscape management
Why should we bother? 2. Evaluation assists in effective resource allocation • It identifies priorities for actions • Helps to show real resource needs 3. Evaluation promotes accountability and transparency • The society can see how their parks and forests are managed • Baselines can be established for partnerships, agreements, trusteeships and contracts
687 4. Evaluation can help involve the community, build constituency and promote protected area values • Involving traditional owners, community members and scientists gives us more credibility and helps build good relationships • Increasing public action to support parks: Showing the community the need for better resourcing of the parks system and alerting them to threats
Who wants to know about protected area effectiveness? • PA Management agencies at Central and State levels • Managers of individual protected areas • Elected representatives • Local communities in and around PAs and general public • Funding agencies: GEF, The World Bank • Civil Society representatives • Conventions: UNESCO World Heritage, CBD
The Global MEE Framework Source: Hockings et al
Approaches to assessing management effectiveness • Protected areas management effectiveness evaluation has been conducted in many countries using range of methodologies/ approaches emanating from the global MEE framework. These approaches vary considerably in their scale, depth, duration and data collection methods (Ervin, J. 2006).
MEE of Project Tiger Reserves in IndiaResults at a Glance… more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results
MEE of National Parks and Wildlife SanctuariesSite Level: Results more…
MEE of Protected Area Network in India The Way Forward…. • Continue to bring in methodological and process refinements • Enhance the participation of a range of relevant stakeholders • Disseminate the findings and bring in appropriate changes in policy, governance and management to enhance effectiveness of management of PAs.
