The effect of scaffolding in the form of guided inquiry question

1. The effect of scaffolding in the form of guided inquiry question WoonJee Lee, Haeyoung Kim, & PuspitasariKristanti

2. Research problem • Physical separation between instructors and learners in online learning. • Online education has constraint for an instructor to provide enough guidance or prompt feedback to students. • The form of instruction in online learning is to provide learning materials and to require students to complete give learning task or activity. • Complex and difficult task may cause cognitive load and decrease learning motivation

3. Research Purpose • The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of scaffolding in the form of guided inquiry question on student’s critical thinking skill and learning attitude in online discussion.

4. Independent Variable • IV: Scaffolding in the form of guided inquiry question • Level1: will provide guided inquiry question • Level2: will not provide guided inquiry question • Operational Definition : • Example: • What else do you find it important to consider in deciding whether the country should develop a DE? Analyze each aspect, such as: • the capacity of the existing colleges outside the NED universities • the availability of technology to support a DE institution • the availability of instructors • the study habits of the target audience (traditional lectures versus self-directed study) • the economy of the country (notice that the government only allocate 8% of the national budget on education)

5. Dependent Variable • DV#1: Critical thinking skill • post-test with different case analysis • Short essay will be evaluated by developed criteria • DV#2: Learning attitude • Attitude survey asking about students’ attitude on learning (includes satisfaction, persistence, and …)

6. Hypothesis • Students who participate in the online discussion with guided inquiry question will have higher critical thinking skill than students who participate without inquiry question. • Students who participate in the online discussion with guided inquiry question will have higher learning attitude than students who participate without inquiry question.

7. Rationale (theory background) • “Scaffolded inquiry present learners with opportunities to engage in complex tasks that would be beyond their current abilities. Scaffolding makes the learning more tractable for students by changing complex and difficult tasks in ways that make these tasks accessible, manageable, and within student’s zone of proximal development (Rogoff, 1990; Vygotsky, 1978).” • Need detail how it works????

8. Method • Participants: 22 Online students (EME5457 Fall 2009 Introduction to Distance Education ) • Materials: Week 7 Distance Learner & Needs http://myweb.fsu.edu/ajeong/eme5457/Fall2009/07_DistStudentNeeds.htm • Activity: Week7 Case Analysis of the Country of NED (during Oct 5~11)

9. Case Analysis of the Country of NED FACTS ABOUT THE COUNTRY OF NED 1.  It spends 8% of its national budget on education. Universities use half of this (4%). 2.  In NED, 65% of the homes have telephones; 75% have record players; 35% have tape recorders; 80% have television sets; 95% have radios. 3.  Every NED town has a library. The small libraries can get books from larger libraries, but usually only one copy is available of academic texts. 4.  Industry has been progressively decentralized over the past 20 years, with the consequence that centers of population are fairly evenly scattered over the country, which is 1000 miles long and 250 miles wide. 5.  The NED postal service takes five days to deliver letters, and longer for parcels, but there is service to all parts of the country. 6.  Post-secondary education outside the NED universities is through regional colleges, which serve 13,500 daytime students and 21,000 evening students. 72% of these students are under 22 years of years of age. 7.  There is a strong book publishers' association in NED. It takes the view that only its members should publish books. No company has been able to join the association for the past 4 years on account of strict entry requirements. Bookshops are unwilling to sell books published by companies that are not members of the association. 8.  A public opinion poll conducted by an enterprising independent company shows that if the NEDOPEN UNIVERSITY were to be established, the highest demand would be for 1) courses in NEDESE history and culture, 2) in psychology, 3) in accounting, 4) in teacher education. Less than 5% of the adults who were questioned opted for particular subjects not on this list. 9.  The country has 10 million people, 60% over 16 years of age. Of those over 16, 40% have completed high school and 10% attended university. 10. Each year 100,000 adults and children enter NED as immigrants. They can speak NEDESE a little, but very few have had any secondary education. 11. Political power in NED rests in the hands of the OOSTS, who conquered the NORDS in 1752. OOSTS are better education and hold better jobs than NORDS. Today, 45% of the people think of themselves as NORDS, 35% as OOSTS. 12. NED has one TV channel, used for education during the day for general news and entertainment 5:30 - 11:30 PM. It is a commercial channel. Of the two radio channels, one is government-owned. Both broadcast news and entertainment 6:00 AM - 11:00 PM. Reception of TV and radio is not always good because of the mountains.

10. Procedure Group 1 (N=11) Common Instruction contains General Inquiry Question Discussion Activity with Guided Inquiry Question Post-Test analysis different case Discussion Activity without Guided Inquiry Question Group 2 (N=11) Week7: Oct 5-11 Week8: Oct 12-13

11. Study Schedule