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Architecture. S. Manikandan. Akbar’s Style. Characteristics of Architecture of Akbar Red sandstone Ideal synthesis of Hindu and Muslim Traditions constructions of domes Arches Portals Increased use of marble Impregnable forts, tombs Imposing and artistic gateways Hindu temples.
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Architecture S. Manikandan
Akbar’s Style Characteristics of Architecture of Akbar Red sandstone Ideal synthesis of Hindu and Muslim Traditions constructions of domes Arches Portals Increased use of marble Impregnable forts, tombs Imposing and artistic gateways Hindu temples
Shah Jahan’s Style The Mughall architecture reached the zenith of its excellence Built palaces Mosques Tomps Pavilions of white marble at Agra, Lahore, Delhi, Kabul, Kashmir, Ajmer, Kandahar and Ahamadabad He demolished many of Akbar’s red sand stone structures in Agra and lahore forts and rebuilt them of white marble which was available in unlimited quantities in the quarries of Makrana near Sambhal
Red Fort or Lal Qila, Delhi (1648) Known as the epitome of Mughal grandeur On the river bank of Yamuna Used Red Stone (name LalQila) 2km in cirncumference Height varies from 18 to 33 metre Red sandstone wall MotiMahal HiraMahal Rang Mahal Beautiful Garden Flower beds Water courses Ornamental fountains Gilded domes Hanging balconies
Lahore Gate 17th century Main gate of the fort towards Lahore Royal chamber made of marble graceful arches With precious stones Diwan-i-Khas was a hall of private audience World famous peacock throne (12 million) Ceiling made of solid silver Persian couplet written in Letters of gold (If there is a paradise on earth. It is here! It is here! It is here!) Bottom shape as Lotus Flower
Lahore Fort Built by Shah Jahan
Purana Qila (Old Fort) A magnificent historical monument In this place the ancient city called Indraprastha flourished Started by Humayun (1530) and completed by Sher Shah Three Gate ways Perfect amalgamation of Hindu and Muslim Style Gigantic and planned structure White, red and black stone and white marble Behind there is a Manzil, there is a platform Most important structure constructed by Sher Shah Suri
Jama Masjid, Delhi Largest Mosque in India and in the world Situated west of red fort Last architectural extravaganza of Shah Jahan Work started in 1650 completed in 6 years 5000 people engaged Emperor attended congregational prayers on every Friday Three gate ways Main courtyard is 408 sq ft made of red stone Centre – large marble tank Main mosque crowned by 3 onion shaped domes North and south two 130 ft high minarets (for birds eye view of the city) Architecturally beautiful, a chapter of Holy Quran and strand of Hair from the beard of prophet Mohammed and his sandals found here
Fatehpur Sikri (U.P.) Buland Darwaza Diwan-i-Khas (a private hall for audience) Diwan-i-Am (the hall of Public Audience is 350 ft long) Panch Mahal (84 columns) Mariam’s Palace (more paintings and miniature) The Turkish Sultana’s Palace (wives) Jodha Bai’s Palace (Rajput wife) Birbal’s Palace (minister)
Buland Darwaza The 175 ft hightest gateway in India by Akbar 50 km from Agra Commemorate Akbar’s conquest of Khandesh (Gujarat) Akbar met a muslim holy man Shaikh Salim Chisti Salim became Jahangir In 1583 the English men met Akbar and amazed to see the splendour of Darwaza Today it looks deserted but fairy tale
Agra Fort in Uttar Pradesh Finest and strongest citadels in the world The Jahangir Mahal with red sand stone and Rajput style Rang Mahal adorned with exquisite floral decoration The Khas Mahal (the marble palace) by Shah Jahan The Sheesh Mahal, a superp monument ornamented by small pieces of mirror The Diwan-i-Khas or the hall of private audience (marble palace) Comprised of finely shaped flower beds, fountains, water channels and tanks Shah jahan built three mosques Moti Masjid build in white marble
Western Influence Advent of the Europeans Portuguese Dutch Danes English French Western Styles and Patterns in Indian style
Portuguese • St. Catherine Church
Dutch • Sant Cruz Basalica
Danes • Tranqubar
The French • Pondicherry, Karaikkal, Mahe and Yenam
Neo Classical • Raj Bhavan in Calcutta 1799 – 1802 (till 1911) • Rajaji Hall in Chennai (1802) • Town Hall inMumbai (1833) • Senate Hall of Calcutta University (1864)
Neo – Gothic Style British Settlements in India Star shaped and polygonal layouts English Church Architecture Provided with arcaded galleries and steeply gabled roofs, adorned with a profusion of carved and inlaid polychrome stonework, coloured tiles, and wrought iron, pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings St. Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta (1847 – 1880) All Saints Cathedral in Allahabad in U.P. St. Lourdu’s Church in Trichy (T.N.)
Indo Saracenic Architecture With imaginative blend of Neo-Gothic elements with cusped arches, rooftop chhatris, and bulbous domes drawn from late Mughal architecture Art Museum at Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala (1872) Senate House of Madras University (1874-1879) Lakshmi Vilas Palace in Baroda (1881)
British Period India Gate SansadBhawan (Raj Bawan) Gateway of India (Mumbai) Fort St. George, Madras Ripon Building Fort William, Calcutta Victoria Memorial (West Bengal) High Court, Madras Cannemara Library, Madras
