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COSC 4750

COSC 4750. Scientific Linux Installation and maintenance. Installation. Pretty easy to do Requires a minimum amount of knowledge on the part of the installer Finds most hardware during the installation May have problems with some laptops and very new motherboards (mostly video issues).

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COSC 4750

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  1. COSC 4750 Scientific Linux Installation and maintenance

  2. Installation • Pretty easy to do • Requires a minimum amount of knowledge on the part of the installer • Finds most hardware during the installation • May have problems with some laptops and very new motherboards (mostly video issues).

  3. Can be installed using a boot disk and the CD/DVD ROM • Just the CDROM, if you can boot from the CD/DVD • A boot disk (CD/DVD, USB or specialized floppies) and install from the network, if you have a network card

  4. The installation can be done in several modes • Normal: Uses a GUI interface to ask questions • text: No GUI interface, used when it is unable to detect your monitor/video card correctly • expert: Expected you know what you are doing. • Askmethod: uses normal and asks if you want to use network.

  5. With Media • 1 DVD (2 DVDs for full installation, but not necessary) • Then asks if you want to verify the media. • Make sure all the disks are good and it can install from them. • Takes 30 to 60+ minutes depending on the CD/DVD drive.

  6. Normal mode • The installer will begin up a GUI interface now, if you using local media • Which language • English is default • Keyboard Configuration: • us • Mouse type: - Default is normally correct. (wheeled Mouse PS/2)

  7. If network install • Wants to know if it should use DHCP or static IP number • May need a network driver disk. • Then where to get the files from • Once it finds the install media, it will startup the GUI interface.

  8. Upgrade options • If a version of linux is installed, it will ask • Upgrade • Lists current version. • New install

  9. Install Type • Personal desktop install • Meant for personal computers and laptops • Installs GUI • No server deamons installed. • i.e. can’t telnet into this machine, because there is no telnet server. • Min install 2.3GB • If running Windows, will automatically configure for dual-boot

  10. Install Type (2) • Workstation and laptop class • Install everything from Personal desktop • Installs development environment • Installs system admin tools. • Requires at least 3 GB free disk space

  11. Install Type (3) • Server-Class • Must choose to install X Windows system • Install network applications, such as file and printer sharing, web services, • Removes ALL existing partitions on ALL drives • Need at least 1.1GB of disk space, without X-windows

  12. Install Type (4) • Custom Install • 620 MB minimum install, max 9 GB • You select packages to be installed • Configure grub if necessary • Upgrading system • Will not delete any data (backup anyway) • upgrades the kernel and all installed packages, if able to. • May require of max of 9 GB to upgrade the system.

  13. Custom Installation • Partition drives • Have installer auto partition • Choose to erase only linux partitions, all partitions, or only use free space • Will setup swap partition, /boot partition which is 100 megs, and the rest goes to the / partition • Note: swap for partition 2x until 2GB, then 1x after that. Min of 64MB. • Allows you to review and make changes. • Using Disk Druid (linux Druid = Windows Wizard) • Easier to use then fdisk • Fewer mistakes can be made with Disk Druid • Need at least a / and swap partition in order to install the system • Recommended for servers, you have /, /boot, /usr, /home, /tmp, /var, and swap. /usr needs to be at least 5 GB (for a full installation). • For workstations or personal machines, the auto partition works very well. • Using fdisk • Complicated, similar to Microsoft fdisk program.

  14. With Disk druid, you request how much space you want to partition and it assigns it as close a possible • typically: 500MB comes out as 502MB • Due to drive restriction, sectors, and partitions already created. • Has “Grow to fill disk” option. Use it on the last partition to get the rest of the space.

  15. Partitions to Format • The installer will ask which partitions to format. You don’t have format all of them, unless they are new. • checking for bad blocks while formatting • Normally a good idea, but it takes about an hour to check a 4GB to 8GB drive • We’ll be using 20+ GB drives in lab.

  16. Boot loader configuration • If you plan to boot only from a floppy disk, you can skip the configuration • It created near the end of the installation. Also useful when lilo/grub has failed or other problems booting. • Otherwise choose lilo or grub as the boot loader • If will list dual boot options automatic for you • If it is able to find them correctly. • Choose when one you want to boot by default • You can then opt for a boot password

  17. For SMP (symmetric Multi Processor) motherboards, grub will create two boot entries. • 1. uses all the processors • Normal use • 2. uses only one processor • for use when you are having problems with a processor

  18. Network Configuration • Choose DHCP or manual • DHCP will ask the DHCP server for all the network information that it needs. • Choose Activate on boot • Will your networking start when the system boots

  19. Manual Network Settings • Need IP number, Netmask, Network, and Broadcast • Example: IP 129.72.216.101, Netmask: 255.255.255.0, Network: 129.72.216.0, and Broadcast 129.72.216.255 • Also Need Hostname, Gateway, Primary DNS, 2nd (if known), and 3rd (if known), DNS search • Hostname:rhinst, Gateway: 129.72.216.1, DNS: 129.72.216.4, 129.72.216.13, 129.72.60.8, Search cs.uwyo.edu, uwyo.edu

  20. Firewall Configuration • Security level: High • Only DHCP can connect to the computer • NOT allowed: FTP, IRC DCC file transfers, RealAudio, Remote X windows clients • Good for computers connected to the internet, but not servers

  21. Security level: medium • Allows all Ports lower than 1023 to accessed • FTP, SSH, telnet, HTTP, etc. • NFS server port allowed, Remote X clients, and X Font server (xfs is disable by default) • RealAudio does work. • Security level: No firewall • No blocking.

  22. Language Support • By default it installs English • You can choose to add more languages • Or remove english and install another one.

  23. Time Zone Configuration • You can choose you location or UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) • Location is Denver, Mountain Standard time. • UTC for Wyoming is UTC-07 US Mountain • You can also choose to use Daylight Savings Time as well. • Setting the system clock to UTC • The time on files will be UTC instead of local time. • UTC is GMT

  24. Set root password. • Account Creation • Set the root password • Authentication Configuration • MD5 Password: Can use up to 256 characters, instead of the normal 8 or less • Shadow Password: Passwords are stored in a file called: /etc/shadow

  25. Package Group Selection • You select components to install • Can choose everything (need max of 7 GB of disk space) • Choose Minimal need only 620 MB • You can also choose to select individual packages, instead of component group • choose only www, instead of Mail/WWW/news tools.

  26. Package installation • At this point the installer, formats the hard drives, and installs the packages selected and configures the system. • Testing in our lab with a network install, • The actually package installation took about 45 minutes to install everything.

  27. Finish the install. • It will install all the packages and then ask you to reboot. • Next it will bring up the “First Time boot” configurations • Asks to agree to License agreement

  28. Date and Time • Enter correct time/date • Setup Network Time Protocol to set the time automatically from a known time server. • On campus, we use time.uwyo.edu instead of the ones listed.

  29. Account creation • Account Creation • Can create user accounts at this time. • Authentication Configuration • MD5 Password: Can use up to 256 characters, instead of the normal 8 or less • Shadow Password: Passwords are stored in a file called: /etc/shadow

  30. User Authentication • Enable NIS • Can use an existing group of computer accounts on the network, instead of having to create account local to this machine. • Enable LDAP, Hesiod, Kerberos5 • Enable SMB • Use a windows server to authenticate users. You still have to create local account, but use windows for passwords.

  31. Done • It should now boot in GUI multiuser mode. • See if everything works. • Now it is time to customize your machine

  32. Next Time • Customizing • upgrading • maintenance

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