Time to put your thinking cap on!

1. Time to put your thinking cap on! Please read the entire board. Please get out your outline for pgs 342-344 and your objectives #19-23 for a stamp. Use this time to add new learnings in a different colored pen to your objectives Thanks!

2. Coal Formation –

5. Mountain top removal map • 500+ mountains leveled in W Va • 1.2 million acres of hardwood forest destroyed • Overburden (rocks, soil) is dumped into river valleys, increasing turbidity and exposure to heavy metals and radioactive materials.

6. Surface mine/strip mine(Coal mine in Canada)

7. a diamond mine over 1,097 meters deep. The mine was closed in 1914 but was later reopened as a tourist attraction. Kimberly Big Hole, South Africa

8. The mine itself is over 525 meters deep and more than 125 kilometers in diameter. The hole is so wide and so deep it is believed to cause a suction effect, which has caused several aircraft accidents in the area. The Mirny Diamond Mine is now considered a no fly zone! Mirny Diamon Mine Serbia

9. this is supposedly the largest man-made excavation on earth. extraction began in 1863 and still continues today, the pit increasing in size constantly. in its current state the hole is 3/4 mile deep and 2.5 miles wide. Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah

10. Subsurface mining

11. Risks – black lung disease, collapse, explosions from leaking CH4

12. From coal to electricity • Major air pollutants: • CO2, SOx, NOx, particulates, Hg • Using natural gas? • NOx, CO2, trace of SOx

13. Natural gas vs. coal • New pollution prevention – Activated carbon injection • 2007 – coal provided 50% of US electricity. • 2011 – coal provided 34% of US electricity. • WHY?

14. Coal– dig it!