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Understanding Single Displacement Reactions in Metallurgy

Explore how single displacement reactions play a crucial role in metallurgical processes, allowing for the creation of alloys as cost-effective solutions. Learn about activity series, predict reaction products, and balance chemical equations.

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Understanding Single Displacement Reactions in Metallurgy

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  1. 4.4 Single Displacement Reaction

  2. Involves one element replacing or displacing a second element in a compound • A + BC AC + B • typical in metallurgical processes

  3. Alloys Versatile and cost effective solutions to our problems. Get some of our benefits from each metal and minimize our negatives

  4. A metal element will only displace a metal in a compound. Na (s) + ZnCl2 (aq) Balanced? 2 Na (s) + ZnCl2 (aq) 2 NaCl (aq) + Zn (s) Watch out zinc… that chlorine is mine! NaCl (aq) + Zn (s)

  5. My electronegativity is far superior to yours chlorine…that sodium in MINE! • A non-metal will only displace a non-metal in a compound NaCl (aq) + F2(g) 2NaCl (aq) + F2 (g) 2NaF(aq) + Cl2 (g) NaF (aq) + Cl2 (g)

  6. Examples! • CuCl2 (aq) + Al  AlCl3(aq) + Cu (s) • 3 CuCl2(aq) + 2 Al  2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 Cu(s) • Br2 + CaI2(aq) I2(l) + CaBr2 (aq)

  7. Activity Series • The Activity Series of the metals is an aid to predicting the products of replacement reactions. Each element on the list replaces from a compound any of the elements below it. The larger the interval between elements, the more vigorous the reaction.

  8. Metals Halogen

  9. Going from bottom to top, the metals: - level of reactivity increases - lose electrons more readily - form positive ions more readily - becomes stronger reducing agents

  10. A metal 'high up' in the reactivity series: -reacts vigorously and quickly with chemicals -corrodes easily • A metal 'low down' in the reactivity series: - doesn't react vigorously and quickly with chemicals - doesn’t corrode easily

  11. Use the activity series to predict whether zinc reacts with magnesium nitrate and, if so, the products of this reaction. Represent the reaction in a balanced chemical equation. Zinc + Magnesium nitrate → NR Zn (s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) → NR

  12. 2. Predict the products of the reaction (if any) between chlorine gas and a solution of sodium bromide obtained from seawater (brine). Represent the reaction in a balanced equation. Chlorine gas + aqueous sodium bromide → aqueous sodium chloride + bromine gas Cl2 (g) + 2 NaBr (aq) → 2 NaCl (aq) + Br2(g)

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